International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Newly Independent States and Russia

Elena Zakharova^{1

2

3}, Abduzhappar Gaipov⁴, Aminu K Bello⁵, David W Johnson^{6

7

8}, Vivekanand Jha^{9

10

11}, David C H Harris¹², Adeera Levin¹³, Syed Saad¹⁴, Maryam Khan¹⁵, Deenaz Zaidi¹⁴, Mohamed A Osman¹⁶, Feng Ye¹⁴, Meaghan Lunney¹⁷, Marcello Tonelli^{18

19}, Ikechi G Okpechi^{14

20

21}, Alexander Zemchenkov^{22

23}, Irma Tchokhonelidze²⁴; ISN Newly Independent States and Russia Regional Board

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nephrology, Moscow City Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, Moscow, Russian Federation.
² Department of Nephrology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.
³ Department of Nephrology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
⁵ Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
⁶ Department of Nephrology, Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁷ Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁸ Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁹ George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India.
¹⁰ School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
¹¹ Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
¹² Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
¹³ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁵ Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁹ Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre in Prevention and Control of Chronic Kidney Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
²⁰ Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²¹ Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²² Department of Internal Disease, Clinical Pharmacology and Nephrology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
²³ Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
²⁴ High Technology Medical Center University Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

PMID: 33981471
PMCID: PMC8084727
DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.01.003

Review

International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Newly Independent States and Russia

Elena Zakharova et al. Kidney Int Suppl (2011). 2021 May.

. 2021 May;11(2):e57-e65.

doi: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.01.003. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nephrology, Moscow City Hospital named after S.P. Botkin, Moscow, Russian Federation.
² Department of Nephrology, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation.
³ Department of Nephrology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.
⁵ Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
⁶ Department of Nephrology, Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁷ Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁸ Translation Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
⁹ George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, New Delhi, India.
¹⁰ School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK.
¹¹ Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
¹² Centre for Transplantation and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
¹³ Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹⁴ Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁵ Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Family Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁷ Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁸ Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁹ Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre in Prevention and Control of Chronic Kidney Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
²⁰ Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²¹ Kidney and Hypertension Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
²² Department of Internal Disease, Clinical Pharmacology and Nephrology, North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
²³ Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
²⁴ High Technology Medical Center University Clinic, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.

PMID: 33981471
PMCID: PMC8084727
DOI: 10.1016/j.kisu.2021.01.003

Abstract

The International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas analyzed the current state of kidney care in Newly Independent States and Russia. Our results demonstrated that the Newly Independent States and Russia region was not an exception and showed the same effect of chronic kidney disease on health and its outcomes, facing many difficulties and challenges in terms of improving kidney care across the countries. This work summarized and presented demographics, health information systems, statistics, and national health policy of the region, as well as characteristics of the burden of chronic kidney disease and kidney failure (KF) of participating countries. Besides significant economic advancement in the region, the collected data revealed existing shortage in KF care providers, essential medications, and health product access for KF care. Moreover, there was low reporting of kidney replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation) quality indicators and low capacity for long-term hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. The financial issues and funding structures for KF care across the region needs strategic support for fundamental changes and further advancement. This article emphasizes the urgent need for further effective regional and international collaborations and partnership for establishment of universal health care systems for KF management.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; dialysis; funding; kidney failure; kidney registries; workforce.

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Figures

**Figure 1**
**Countries in the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) Newly Independent States (NIS) and Russia region participating in the ISN Global Kidney Health Atlas survey**.

**Figure 2**
**Funding structures for nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney replacement therapy (KRT) care.** Values represent absolute number of countries in each category, expressed as a percentage of total number of countries. HD, hemodialysis; N/A, not provided; NGOs, nongovernmental organizations; PD, peritoneal dialysis.

**Figure 3**
**Availability of choice in kidney replacement therapy or conservative kidney management for patients with kidney failure.** Values represent absolute number of countries in each category, expressed as a percentage of total number of countries. HD, hemodialysis; Kt/V, measure of dialysis adequacy; N/A, not provided; PD, peritoneal dialysis; URR, urea reduction ratio.

**Figure 4**
**Accessibility of kidney replacement therapy for patients with kidney failure (KF).** N/A, not provided; NIS, Newly Independent States; PD, peritoneal dialysis.

**Figure 5**
**Country-level scorecard for official registry in the International Society of Nephrology Newly Independent States and Russia region.** AKI, acute kidney injury; CKD, chronic kidney disease.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Balabanova D., Roberts B., Richardson E. Health care reform in the former Soviet Union: beyond the transition. Health Serv Res. 2012;47:840–864. - PMC - PubMed
1. Bello A.K., Okpechi I.G., Jha V. Understanding distribution and variability in care organization and services for the management of kidney care across world regions. Kidney Int Suppl. 2021;11 e4–e10.
1. World Bank World Bank open data. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator Available at: Published 2020. Accessed July 16, 2020.
1. Tchokhonelidze I., Zemchenkov A. Current status, challenges, and the role of ISN in advancement of nephrology in the Newly Independent States and Russia region. Kidney Int. 2019;96:48–51. - PubMed
1. Central Intelligence Agency The world factbook. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/ Available at: Published 2019. Accessed March 11, 2021.

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International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Newly Independent States and Russia

Affiliations

International Society of Nephrology Global Kidney Health Atlas: structures, organization, and services for the management of kidney failure in Newly Independent States and Russia

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Figures

References

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LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

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