Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{208}Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

D Adhikari¹, H Albataineh², D Androic³, K Aniol⁴, D S Armstrong⁵, T Averett⁵, C Ayerbe Gayoso⁵, S Barcus⁶, V Bellini⁷, R S Beminiwattha⁸, J F Benesch⁶, H Bhatt⁹, D Bhatta Pathak⁸, D Bhetuwal⁹, B Blaikie¹⁰, Q Campagna⁵, A Camsonne⁶, G D Cates¹¹, Y Chen⁸, C Clarke¹², J C Cornejo¹³, S Covrig Dusa⁶, P Datta¹⁴, A Deshpande^{12

15}, D Dutta⁹, C Feldman¹², E Fuchey¹⁴, C Gal^{11

12

15}, D Gaskell⁶, T Gautam¹⁶, M Gericke¹⁰, C Ghosh^{12

17}, I Halilovic¹⁰, J-O Hansen⁶, F Hauenstein¹⁸, W Henry¹⁹, C J Horowitz²⁰, C Jantzi¹¹, S Jian¹¹, S Johnston¹⁷, D C Jones¹⁹, B Karki²¹, S Katugampola¹¹, C Keppel⁶, P M King²¹, D E King²², M Knauss²³, K S Kumar¹⁷, T Kutz¹², N Lashley-Colthirst¹⁶, G Leverick¹⁰, H Liu¹⁷, N Liyange¹¹, S Malace⁶, R Mammei²⁴, J Mammei¹⁰, M McCaughan⁶, D McNulty¹, D Meekins⁶, C Metts⁵, R Michaels⁶, M M Mondal^{12

15}, J Napolitano¹⁹, A Narayan²⁵, D Nikolaev¹⁹, M N H Rashad¹⁸, V Owen⁵, C Palatchi^{11

15}, J Pan¹⁰, B Pandey¹⁶, S Park¹², K D Paschke¹¹, M Petrusky¹², M L Pitt²⁶, S Premathilake¹¹, A J R Puckett¹⁴, B Quinn¹³, R Radloff²¹, S Rahman¹⁰, A Rathnayake¹¹, B T Reed²⁰, P E Reimer²⁷, R Richards¹², S Riordan²⁷, Y Roblin⁶, S Seeds¹⁴, A Shahinyan²⁸, P Souder²², L Tang^{6

16}, M Thiel²⁹, Y Tian²², G M Urciuoli³⁰, E W Wertz⁵, B Wojtsekhowski⁶, B Yale⁵, T Ye¹², A Yoon³¹, A Zec¹¹, W Zhang¹², J Zhang^{12

15

32}, X Zheng¹¹; PREX Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
² Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
³ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science.
⁴ California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.
⁵ William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.
⁶ Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
⁷ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
⁸ Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272 USA.
⁹ Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
¹⁰ University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada.
¹¹ University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
¹² Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA.
¹³ Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
¹⁴ University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
¹⁵ Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA.
¹⁶ Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA.
¹⁷ University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
¹⁸ Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
¹⁹ Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
²⁰ Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
²¹ Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
²² Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
²³ Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
²⁴ University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B2E9 Canada.
²⁵ Veer Kunwar Singh University, India.
²⁶ Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
²⁷ Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il 60439.
²⁸ A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia.
²⁹ Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55122, Germany.
³⁰ INFN-Sezione di Roma, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
³¹ Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
³² Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

PMID: 33988387
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.172502

Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{208}Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

D Adhikari et al. Phys Rev Lett. 2021.

. 2021 Apr 30;126(17):172502.

doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.172502.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA.
² Texas A & M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.
³ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Science.
⁴ California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA.
⁵ William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185, USA.
⁶ Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
⁷ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
⁸ Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71272 USA.
⁹ Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
¹⁰ University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T2N2 Canada.
¹¹ University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
¹² Stony Brook, State University of New York, NY 11794, USA.
¹³ Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
¹⁴ University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
¹⁵ Center for Frontiers in Nuclear Science, NY 11794, USA.
¹⁶ Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA.
¹⁷ University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
¹⁸ Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA.
¹⁹ Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
²⁰ Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
²¹ Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
²² Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA.
²³ Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
²⁴ University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B2E9 Canada.
²⁵ Veer Kunwar Singh University, India.
²⁶ Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA.
²⁷ Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Il 60439.
²⁸ A. I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute), Yerevan 0036, Armenia.
²⁹ Institut für Kernphysik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz 55122, Germany.
³⁰ INFN-Sezione di Roma, I-00185, Rome, Italy.
³¹ Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA.
³² Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.

PMID: 33988387
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.172502

Abstract

We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry A_{PV} in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from ^{208}Pb. We measure A_{PV}=550±16(stat)±8(syst) parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor F_{W}(Q^{2}=0.00616 GeV^{2})=0.368±0.013. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is R_{n}-R_{p}=0.283±0.071 fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of ^{208}Pb: ρ_{W}^{0}=-0.0796±0.0036(exp)±0.0013(theo) fm^{-3} leading to the interior baryon density ρ_{b}^{0}=0.1480±0.0036(exp)±0.0013(theo) fm^{-3}. The measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.

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Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{208}Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Affiliations

Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ^{208}Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

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