Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 May 15;21(7):22.
doi: 10.1007/s11892-021-01389-1.

Advances, Challenges, and Cost Associated with Continuous Glucose Monitor Use in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Karishma A Datye  1 , Daniel R Tilden  2   3 , Angelee M Parmar  2 , Eveline R Goethals  2 , Sarah S Jaser  2
Affiliations
Review

Advances, Challenges, and Cost Associated with Continuous Glucose Monitor Use in Adolescents and Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Karishma A Datye et al. Curr Diab Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Continuous glucose monitors (CGM) are transforming diabetes management, yet adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not experience the same benefits seen with CGM use in adults. The purpose of this review is to explore advances, challenges, and the financial impact of CGM use in AYA with T1D.

Recent findings: CGM studies in young adults highlight challenges and suggest unique barriers to CGM use in this population. Recent studies also demonstrate differences in CGM use related to race and ethnicity, raising questions about potential bias and emphasizing the importance of patient-provider communication. Cost of these devices remains a significant barrier, especially in countries without nationalized reimbursement of CGM. More research is needed to understand and address the differences in CGM utilization and to increase the accessibility of CGM therapy given the significant potential benefits of CGM in this high-risk group.

Keywords: Adolescents; Barriers; Continuous glucose monitors; Cost; Technology; Type 1 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Declarations

Conflict of Interest Daniel R Tilden, Angelee M Parmar, and Eveline R Goethals declare that they have no conflict of interest. Karishma A Datye and Sarah S Jaser receive research funding through the NIDDK.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Evolution of continuous glucose monitors and hybrid closed-loop technology
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Miller KM, Foster NC, Beck RW, Bergenstal RM, DuBose SN, DiMeglio LA, et al. Current state of type 1 diabetes treatment in the U.S.: updated data from the T1D Exchange clinic registry. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(6):971–8. - PubMed

    1. Foster NC, Beck RW, Miller KM, Clements MA, Rickels MR, DiMeglio LA, et al. State of type 1 diabetes management and outcomes from the T1D Exchange in 2016–2018. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2019;21(2):66–72.

      •• Key study describing diabetes related outcomes in the large T1D Exchange Clinical Registry.

    1. Tamborlane WV, Beck RW, Bode BW, Buckingham B, Chase HP, Clemons R, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and intensive treatment of type 1 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(14):1464–76. - PubMed
    1. Charleer S, Mathieu C, Nobels F, De Block C, Radermecker RP, Hermans MP, et al. Effect of continuous glucose monitoring on glycemic control, acute admissions, and quality of life: a realworld study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(3):1224–32. - PubMed
    1. Marks BE, Wolfsdorf JI. Monitoring of pediatric type 1 diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:128. - PMC - PubMed