A novel nano therapeutic using convalescent plasma derived exosomal (CPExo) for COVID-19: A combined hyperactive immune modulation and diagnostics

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles like exosomes are important therapeutic tactics for treating COVID -19. By utilizing convalescent plasma derived exosomes (CP^Exo) from COVID-19 recovered persistence could accelerate the treatment strategies in the current state of affairs. Adequate literature has shown that administering the exosome to the in vivo system could be beneficial and could target the pathogens in an effective and precise manner. In this hypothesis we highlight the CP^Exo instead of convalescent plasma (CP), perhaps to dispense of exosomes are gratified and it's more effectively acquired immune response conferral through antibodies. COVID-19 convalescent plasma has billions of exosomes and it has aptitudes to carry molecular constituents like proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA, etc. Moreover, exosomes are capable of recognizing antigens with adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many of these derivatives could trigger an immune modulation into the cells and act as an epigenetic inheritor response to target pathogens through RNAs. COIVID-19 resistance activated plasma-derived exosomes are either responsible for the effects of plasma beyond the contained immune antibodies or could be inhibitory. The proposed hypothesis suggests that preselecting the plasma-derived antibodies and RNAs merged exosomes would be an optimized therapeutic tactic for COVID-19 patients. We suggest that, the CP^Exo has a multi-potential effect for treatment efficacy by acting as immunotherapeutic, drug carrier, and diagnostic target with noncoding genetic materials as a biomarker.

Keywords: COVID-19; Convalescent plasma; Diagnosis; Drug delivery; Exosomes; Immunotherapy; miRNAs.

Graphical abstract

Fig. 1

Convalescent plasma-derived exosomes (CP^Exo) from COVID-19 recovered patients could provide immunotherapy for COVID-19.

Fig. 2

Schematic representation showing the potential role of Convalescent plasma derived exosomes (CPExo) from COVID-19 recovered patients could provide novel biomarkers for COVID-19.

Fig. 3

Schematic representation showing the potential role of Convalescent plasma-derived exosomes (CPExo) in combating COVID-19 Infection. Synergistic effect of the drug and exosomes may be utilized as an effective approach against the virus and cytokine storm.