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. 2022 Mar;27(2):839-845.
doi: 10.1007/s40519-021-01211-7. Epub 2021 May 16.

I know I am not out of control, but I just cannot shake the feeling: exploring feeling out of control in eating disorders

Lisa Adler  1 , Tiffany A Brown  1 , Megan E Shott  1 , Skylar Swindle  1 , Guido K W Frank  2   3
Affiliations

I know I am not out of control, but I just cannot shake the feeling: exploring feeling out of control in eating disorders

Lisa Adler et al. Eat Weight Disord. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Purpose: Individuals with anorexia (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) often present with fear of loss of control in the context of eating. It is unclear whether this fear of loss of control, which has been associated with fear of failure and a sense of not being in charge of one's own life in eating disorders, can be distinguished from self-perceived maintained control over food intake in AN. Further, anxious traits are elevated across eating disorders and could contribute to this fear of loss of control.

Methods: We recruited 113 adult women: restricting type AN (n = 26), BN (n = 28), and healthy controls (CW, n = 59). Participants completed the Eating Expectancies Inventory (EEI), which assesses learned expectations on the effects of eating, including whether Eating Leads to Feeling out of Control, and the Trait Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ-T), which measures food craving and the ability to withstand those cravings, including self-perceived Lack of Control Over Eating.

Results: Eating Leads to Feeling out of Control was elevated in AN and BN compared to CW. Lack of Control Over Eating was similar between AN and CW but elevated in BN. Intolerance of uncertainty correlated with those measures in CW only.

Conclusion: Individuals with restricting-type AN experience feeling out of control when eating while maintaining self-perceived control over eating. The EEI's eating leads to feeling out of control is associated with negative self-improvement expectations. Targeting self-improvement through more functional strategies could be an important aspect in psychotherapy in AN and reduce the perceived need to restrict food intake.

Level of evidence: Level III, Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.

Keywords: Anorexia nervosa; Bulimia nervosa; Control; Eating Expectancies Inventory; Food Craving Questionnaire.

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