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. 2021 Sep;8(3):369-382.
doi: 10.1007/s40801-021-00250-x. Epub 2021 May 15.

Correlation of Objective Endpoints and Subjective Patient-Reported Outcomes in NAFLD Treatment with Essential Phospholipids: Real-World Data Based on Pooled Analysis of Observational Studies

Vladimir T Ivashkin  1 , Marina V Maevskaya  1 , Elena N Shirokova  1 , Igor V Maev  2 , Alexey A Samsonov  2 , Evgeniy I Sas  3 , Liudmila K Palgova  4 , Kirill Starostin  5
Affiliations

Correlation of Objective Endpoints and Subjective Patient-Reported Outcomes in NAFLD Treatment with Essential Phospholipids: Real-World Data Based on Pooled Analysis of Observational Studies

Vladimir T Ivashkin et al. Drugs Real World Outcomes. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

Background: While no "gold-standard" pharmacotherapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is yet established, essential phospholipids (EPLs) are reported to decrease steatosis and improve laboratory parameters.

Objective: This analysis evaluated adherence and satisfaction with EPL treatment as patient-reported outcomes and their relationship with changes in laboratory and ultrasound parameters among Russian patients with NAFLD.

Methods: Data were pooled from three observational Russian studies-MANPOWER (2015-2016), LIDER 1 (2012-2013), and LIDER 2 (2013)-in which EPLs were used for at least 12 weeks in the treatment of liver diseases and which measured both subjective and objective endpoints. Only patients who had NAFLD were included in this analysis. The main endpoints were to determine treatment adherence and satisfaction with 12 weeks of EPL therapy, relationship between adherence/satisfaction and changes in the laboratory and ultrasound parameters. A secondary subgroup analysis was performed to identify patients with NAFLD who responded better (or worse) to 24 weeks of adjunctive EPL treatment.

Results: Overall, 3384 patients were included. A total of 82.2% of patients were adherent to 12 weeks of EPL treatment; high/very high satisfaction was reported by 15.3%/65.9% of clinicians and 15.9%/64.4% of patients. There was positive correlation between patients' adherence and satisfaction and significant improvement in laboratory (transaminases, lipid profile; p < 0.001) and ultrasound (steatosis, p < 0.001) parameters, and improvement in symptoms (p < 0.001) after 24 weeks of EPL. Male patients, patients with unhealthy lifestyles, and those with more comorbidities showed a better response in laboratory and ultrasound parameters.

Conclusions: Patients with NAFLD treated with adjunctive EPL therapy in real-world clinical practice in Russia showed good treatment adherence and treatment satisfaction. Improvements in laboratory and ultrasound parameters, as well as dynamics of patient symptoms, were positively correlated with adherence and satisfaction.

Plain language summary

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of liver disease, and patients have a risk of liver cancer and needing transplantation. Patients with advanced NAFLD are usually recommended to use medication. Clinical trials in patients with NAFLD showed that essential phospholipids (EPLs) comprising phosphatidylcholine improved liver fat accumulation (known as steatosis), so treatment guidelines in several countries recommend they be added to the usual therapy. EPLs have been associated with both objective and subjective improvements. This real-world study evaluated three observational studies to assess how patient adherence and satisfaction with EPL treatment were related to changes in clinical parameters in 3384 Russian patients with NAFLD. Overall, 82.2% of patients were adherent with 12 weeks of EPL therapy, and almost two-thirds of patients (64.4%) and clinicians (65.9%) reported very high satisfaction with treatment. Patients’ adherence and satisfaction increased alongside significant improvements in liver enzymes, lipid levels, liver fat content (steatosis), and fewer symptoms after 24 weeks of EPL therapy. Male patients, those with an unhealthy lifestyle, and those with other comorbid conditions had the best response to EPL therapy. This study shows that Russian patients with NAFLD have good adherence and satisfaction with EPL therapy in routine clinical practice and highlights the importance of adherence to EPL therapy in these patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

K.S. is a Sanofi employee. VTI, MVM, ENS, IVM, AAS, EIS, and LKP have no conflicts of interest that are directly relevant to the content of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Study population. Fatty liver disease (FLD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). *Includes patients who were lost to follow-up
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Changes in patient symptoms with 24 ± 1 weeks of treatment with essential phospholipids, categorized according to a treatment adherence, b clinician’s satisfaction, and c patient’s satisfaction
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Treatment satisfaction with 12 ± 1 weeks of treatment with essential phospholipids among a clinicians, and b patients
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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