Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Jan-Feb;31(1):9-15.
doi: 10.4103/ijn.IJN_322_19. Epub 2020 Nov 11.

Effect of Chronotherapy of Antihypertensives in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Control Trial

Vaibhav Tiwari  1 , Arpita Ray Chaudhary  2 , Sanjay Dasgupta  2 , Smita Divyaveer  3 , Raju Kumar Sahu  2 , Atanu Pal  2 , Rajib Mondal  2 , Kapiljit Chakravarty  2 , Asit Kumar Mandal  2 , Dipankar Sircar  2 , Rajendra Pandey  2
Affiliations

Effect of Chronotherapy of Antihypertensives in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Control Trial

Vaibhav Tiwari et al. Indian J Nephrol. 2021 Jan-Feb.

Abstract

Introduction: There is a higher prevalence of non-dipping pattern in hypertensive chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Nocturnal hypertension has been shown to predict cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and is often superior to daytime blood pressure. We studied the effect of shifting or adding antihypertensive to night time on blood pressure profile of CKD III-IV patients.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial, eligible participants were adults from eastern India aged 18-65 years with CKD stages 3 and 4, with a non-dipping pattern on ambulatory blood pressure monitor (ABPM). The intervention group received all the antihypertensives in the night time whereas the standard care group continued to take the medication in the morning. Both groups were followed up for 1 year. The primary outcome was the number of patients changed from non-dippers to dippers in the standard care group and intervention group. Secondary outcomes included a change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and change in the cardiac structure.

Results: 39 patients in the intervention group and 36 patients in the standard care group were analyzed. 10 patients (26%) reverted to dipping pattern in the intervention group as compared to none in the standard care group. Mean changes in eGFR were -2.55 and -0.18 mL/min/1.73 m2 in the standard care and intervention group at the end of the study, respectively. Between-group difference in eGFR was significant at 1 year (5.22 [95% CI, 4.3-6.1] ml/min/1.73 m2); (P = 0.03). The cardiac structure showed no significant changes in either group.

Conclusions: Bedtime administration of antihypertensives reverted non-dippers to dippers and slowed the decline in eGFR in CKD stages 3 and 4 compared to morning administration of antihypertensives.

Keywords: ABPM; antihypertensives; chronic kidney disease; dippers; hypertension; nocturnal hypertension; non-dippers.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart shows the number of subjects entering the study from enrolment, allocation, and follow-up
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a and b) Changes in the circadian pattern of SBP and DBP between Intervention and Standard care group in CKD patients sampled 24-h ABPM. Each graph shows the 2 hourly means and SEs of data collected from the standard care group (Blue line) and intervention group (Orange line) after 12 weeks of treatment. Dark shading along the graphs represents the average hours of nocturnal sleep across the patient sample
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Coresh J, Wei GL, McQuillan G, Brancati FL, Levey AS, Jones C, et al. Prevalence of high blood pressure and elevated serum creatinine level in the United States: Findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) Arch Intern Med. 2001;161:1207–16. - PubMed
    1. Anchala R, Kannuri NK, Pant H, Khan H, Franco OH, Di Angelantonio E, et al. Hypertension in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, awareness, and control of hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014;32:1170–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Singh AK, Farag YM, Mittal BV, Subramanian KK, Reddy SRK, Acharya VN, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of chronic kidney disease in India – results from the SEEK (Screening and early evaluation of kidney disease) study. BMC Nephrol. 2013;14:114. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Buckalew VM, Berg RL, Wang SR, Porush JG, Rauch S, Schulman G. Prevalence of hypertension in 1,795 subjects with chronic renal disease: The modification of diet in renal disease study baseline cohort. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996;28(6):811–21. - PubMed
    1. Hermida RC, Ayala DE, Fernández JR, Portaluppi F, Fabbian F, Smolensky MH. Circadian rhythms in blood pressure regulation and optimization of hypertension treatment with ACE inhibitor and ARB medications. Am J Hypertens. 2011;24:383–91. - PubMed