Splicing factor SRSF2-centric gene regulation

Abstract

Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2) is a splicing factor that is widely expressed in a variety of mammalian cell types. Increasing evidence has confirmed that SRSF2 plays vital roles in a number of biological and pathological processes. Therefore, it is important to understand how its expression is regulated, and how it regulates the expression of its target genes. Recently, we found that SRSF2 expression could be upregulated by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) infection, and that altered SRSF2 expression, in turn, epigenetically regulates the transcription of HSV-1 genes. Further studies on T cell exhaustion demonstrated that upregulated SRSF2 in exhausted T cells elevated the levels of multiple immune checkpoint molecules by associating with the acyl-transferases, P300 and CBP, and by altering histone modification near the transcription start sites of these genes, thereby influencing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 binding to these gene promoters. These findings suggest that SRSF2 acts as an important sensor and effector during disease progression. Here, we discuss the molecules that regulate SRSF2 gene expression and their associated mechanisms, and the mechanisms via which SRSF2 regulates the expression of target genes, thus providing novel insights into the central role of SRSF2 in gene regulation.

Keywords: SC35; SRSF2; gene regulation; mRNA stability.; splicing; transcription.

Figure 1

Schematic model of the central roles of SRSF2 in genes expression. Numbers of regulators are found to modulate SRSF2 gene transcription ①, pre-mRNA splicing ②, mRNA stability ③, mRNA translation ④, and SRSF2 modification (phosphorylation and acetylation) ⑤. In turn, SRSF2 regulates target gene transcription ⑥, pre-mRNA splicing ⑦, and mRNA transport and stability ⑧.