Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Feb 17:38:181.
doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.181.19915. eCollection 2021.

Predictors of adverse drug reaction among adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in government hospitals of Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia; November 2018: a retrospective cohort

Ayanaw Ambachew Mitkie  1 , Fanuel Belayneh Bekele  2 , Alemu Tamiso Debiso  2
Affiliations

Predictors of adverse drug reaction among adult HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in government hospitals of Kaffa Zone, Ethiopia; November 2018: a retrospective cohort

Ayanaw Ambachew Mitkie et al. Pan Afr Med J. .

Abstract

Introduction: incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) was higher in developing countries. In two teaching hospital in Ethiopia: Debremarkose 23% and Yirgalem 73.2% of study participants reported at least one ADR. Since there was limited information about ADR in the study area; we aimed to determine its incidence-rate and predictors.

Methods: we conducted retrospective cohort study using medical records of HIV-infected patients enrolled on ART between 2006 and 2017 in government hospitals of Ethiopia. ADR was defined as report of at least one unwanted response to ART. We run descriptive and cox regression analysis (CRA).

Results: incidence-rate of ADR was 4.1 per 100 person-years (py). Hazards of ADR among patients living at rural was almost two times than at urban; [Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 1.94(95% (CI): 1.18, 3.20)]. Stavudine (D4T)-Lamivudine (3TC)-Nevirapine (NVP) had about two times [AHR: 1.78(95%CI: 1.03, 3.08)], Zidovudine(AZT)-3TC-NVP had about two times [AHR: 2.34 (95%CI: 1.20, 4.57)], D4T-3TC-Efaviranze(EFV) had about three times [AHR: 2.86(95%CI: 1.38, 5.95)] and AZT-3TC-EFV had about two times [AHR: 2.16(95%CI: 1.21,3.90)] hazards of ADR than Tenofovir(TDF) based regimens. Being WHO clinical stage III had about two times hazard of ADR [AHR: 2.46 (95%CI: 1.22, 4.95)] and IV had about four times hazard of ADR [AHR: 4.32 (95%CI: 1.88, 9.93)] than stage I.

Conclusion: risk of ADR was higher among adult HIV-infected patients on ART living in rural, WHO clinical stage III and IV, and patients on AZT and D4T based regimen. AZT should not be given as an alternative treatment, increase access of TDF regimens.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Ethiopia; HIV/AIDS; adverse drug reaction.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
cumulative survival rates of ADR on HIV positive adult patients on HAART at government hospitals of Kaffa zone, Southern Ethiopia
Figure 2
Figure 2
distribution of ADR types among HIV positive adults on HAART at Kaffa Zone Government Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, between July 2006 and August 2017
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Fauci AS. 2017. HIV/AIDS USA: U.S. department of health and human survice, National institute of health.
    1. World Health Organization (WHO) THE GLOBAL HEALTH OBSERVATORY. Accessed on 22nd November 2017.
    1. AIDS info. Guidelines for the Use of Antiretroviral Agents in HIV-1-Infected Adults and Adolescents. 2017.
    1. Gudina EK, Teklu AM, Berhan A, Gebreegizabhier A, Seyoum T, Nega A, et al. Magnitude of Antiretroviral Drug Toxicity in Adult HIV patients in Ethiopia: A cohort study at seven teaching hospitals. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2017 Feb;27(Suppl 1):39–52. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eluwa GI, Badru T, Akpoigbe KJ. Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy (ARVs): incidence, type and risk factors in Nigeria. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2012 Feb 27;12:7. - PMC - PubMed

Substances