Conflict of interest: VMA reports spouse stock ownership in Acadia Pharmaceuticals. MTG receives research support from Globin Solutions, Inc., the Institute for Transfusion Medicine, and the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania; is coinventor on patents and patent applications directed to the use of recombinant neuroglobin and heme-based molecules as antidotes for CO poisoning (61/187,527; 9,114,109; 14/776,363; 15/313,231; 62/525,909), which have been licensed by Globin Solutions, Inc.; is a shareholder, advisor, and director in Globin Solutions, Inc.; is coinventor on patents directed to the use of nitrite salts in cardiovascular diseases filed as international application numbers PCT/US2004/022232 (published as WO 2005/004884) and PCT/US2004/021985 (published as WO 2005/007173); and US 10/563,683 and US 12/748,184, which were previously licensed to United Therapeutics and are now licensed to Globin Solutions and Hope Pharmaceuticals; is a principal investigator in a research collaboration with Bayer Pharmaceuticals to evaluate riociguat as a treatment for patients with sickle cell disease; is serving or has served as a scientific consultant for Actelion, Pfizer, Bayer Healthcare, Fulcrum, and Novartis; previously served as a consultant for Acceleron Pharma, Inc., Sujana Biotech, Epizyme, Inc., Catalyst Biosciences, Inc., Complexa, United Therapeutics, and Modus Therapeutics; and is on Bayer HealthCare LLC’s Heart and Vascular Disease Research Advisory Board. DPH holds patents nos. 5,976,821 and 6,395,274 (Anti-Thioredoxin Monoclonal Antibodies) licensed to Genetics Institute (1995), Invitrogen Corp. (1995), Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (2000); and US patent application nos. 16/348,829 and 16/348,829. JS has interest in PulmOne Advanced Medical Diagnostics, Ltd, Israel, and is inventor on two patents pending (PCT/US20/26371 submitted to USPTO April 2, 2020 and PCT/US20/26383 submitted to USPTO April 2, 2020). SRP has sponsored research agreements with and consults for Merck and Moderna. RLS is Senior Program Officer at the Burroughs Wellcome Fund. LJM is President and CEO at the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.