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. 2021 May 17:29:e20200787.
doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0787. eCollection 2021.

The prevalence of novel periodontal pathogens and bacterial complexes in Stage II generalized periodontitis based on 16S rRNA next generation sequencing

Salem Abu Fanas  1   1 , Carel Brigi  2 , Sudhir Rama Varma  1   1 , Vijay Desai  1   1 , Abiola Senok  3 , Jovita D'souza  1   1   4
Affiliations

The prevalence of novel periodontal pathogens and bacterial complexes in Stage II generalized periodontitis based on 16S rRNA next generation sequencing

Salem Abu Fanas et al. J Appl Oral Sci. .

Abstract

Objective: To define the subgingival microbial profile associated with Stage II generalized periodontitis using next-generation sequencing and to determine the relative abundance of novel periodontal pathogens and bacterial complexes.

Methodology: Subgingival biofilm samples were collected from 80 subjects diagnosed with Stage II generalized periodontitis. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA-based bacterial profiling via next-generation sequencing was carried out. The bacterial composition and diversity of microbial communities based on the age and sex of the patients were analyzed. The bacterial species were organized into groups: bacterial complexes (red, orange, purple, yellow, and green), novel periodontal pathogens, periodontal health-related species, and unclassified periodontal species. The results were analyzed and statistically evaluated.

Results: The highest number of bacteria belonged to the phylum Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. In terms of relative abundance, the orange complex represented 18.99%, novel bacterial species (Fretibacterium spp. and Saccharibacteria spp.) comprised 17.34%, periodontal health-related species accounted for 16.75% and unclassified periodontal species represented (Leptotrichia spp. and Selenomonas spp.) 15.61%. Novel periodontal pathogens had outweighed the periodontal disease-related red complex (5.3%). The one-sample z-test performed was statistically significant at p<0.05. The Beta diversity based on the unweighted UniFrac distance at the species level demonstrated a total variance of 15.77% based on age and 39.19% on sex, which was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The bacterial species corresponding to the disease-related orange complex and novel periodontal pathogens are predominant in Stage II generalized periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest

There are no conflicts of Interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Experimental design and workflow for microbial profiling in samples diagnosed as Stage II generalized periodontitis
Figure 2
Figure 2. Represents rarefaction curves for the number of operational taxonomic units in each sample. Each sample received a separate color code representing its corresponding number of OTUs. The rarefaction curve based on 97% similarity were each color code given to 80 samples
Figure 3
Figure 3. The relative frequency of the taxonomic composition in all the 80 sub-gingival biofilm samples. The bars are organized according to patients’ sex. The group mentioned as others refer to the phylum presenting values below 1%
Figure 4
Figure 4. The prevalence of each bacterial class as fraction per sample plotted against their total abundance
Figure 5
Figure 5. Bacterial species present in all the biofilm samples and their corresponding genus, class, and phylum
Figure 6
Figure 6. The relative abundance of Socransky's bacterial complex and novel bacterial species. The X-axis represents the number of plaque samples, and Y-axis depicts the corresponding percentages
Figure 7
Figure 7. Alpha diversity metrics (a) Chao1 and (b) Shannon Index
Figure 8
Figure 8. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) based on weighted UniFrac distances (a & d) and Jaccard index (b & c). PCoA score plot represents the phylogenetic relationship between biofilm samples diagnosed with Stage II generalized periodontitis according to patients’ sex (a & b) and age (c & d). Axis 1, 2, and 3 are principle coordinates- PC1, PC2, and PC3, respectively
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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