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Review
. 2021 Jan 1;56(1):3-9.
doi: 10.5152/TurkArchPediatr.2020.20245. eCollection 2021 Jan.

A recently explored aspect of the iceberg named COVID-19: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

Fatih Haslak  1 , Mehmet Yıldız  1 , Amra Adrovic  1 , Sezgin Şahin  1 , Kenan Barut  1 , Özgür Kasapçopur  1
Affiliations
Review

A recently explored aspect of the iceberg named COVID-19: multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)

Fatih Haslak et al. Turk Arch Pediatr. .

Abstract

Humanity has recently gained a novel foe named coronavirus disease 2019. Although data so far mostly suggest that children are more likely to have a favorable disease course, new concerns have been raised because of recently reported pediatric cases with hyperinflammatory conditions resembling Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, and macrophage activation syndrome/hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Because the increasing evidence suggests that this recent hyperinflammatory condition emerged in the coronavirus disease 2019 era is a distinct clinical picture, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention named this novel disease multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Even if this novel disease is rare, it seems to be highly fatal. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the pathogenesis of the disease to be able to establish the appropriate treatment regimes. Concerns regarding the diagnostic process and the management of the disease have been raised even among pediatricians. Therefore, we aimed to clarify this newly occurring enigma based on the current literature and our clinical insights.

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Kawasaki disease; hyperinflammatory syndrome; multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C); pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PIMS-TS); pediatrics; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); toxic shock syndrome.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A summary of the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of MIS-C. ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children; SAg, superantigen; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxin B; S protein, spike glycoprotein.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Rashes on the trunk and the extremities of our first patient with MIS-C. MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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