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Review
. 2021;27(6):1627-1636.
doi: 10.3201/eid2706.204238.

Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children

Matt Wasserman, Ruth Chapman, Rotem Lapidot, Kelly Sutton, Desmond Dillon-Murphy, Shreeya Patel, Erica Chilson, Vincenza Snow, Raymond Farkouh, Stephen Pelton
Review

Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children

Matt Wasserman et al. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021.

Abstract

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been used in the United States since 2000. To assess the cumulative 20-year effect of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence among children <5 years of age, we analyzed Active Bacterial Core Surveillance data, conducted a literature review, and modeled expected and observed disease. We found that PCVs have averted >282,000 cases of IPD, including ≈16,000 meningitis, ≈172,000 bacteremia, and ≈55,000 bacteremic pneumonia cases. In addition, vaccination has prevented 97 million healthcare visits for otitis media, 438,914-706,345 hospitalizations for pneumonia, and 2,780 total deaths. IPD cases declined 91%, from 15,707 in 1997 to 1,382 in 2019. Average annual visits for otitis media declined 41%, from 78 visits/100 children before PCV introduction to 46 visits/100 children after PCV13 introduction. Annual pneumonia hospitalizations declined 66%-79%, from 110,000-175,000 in 1997 to 37,000 in 2019. These findings confirm the substantial benefits of PCVs for preventing IPD in children.

Keywords: IPD; PCV13; PCV7; PCVs; Streptococcus pneumoniae; United States; bacteria; bacterial infections; children; incidence; invasive pneumococcal disease; literature review; otitis media; pneumococcal conjugate vaccines; pneumococcal disease; pneumococcal pneumonia; pneumococcal vaccination; vaccination; vaccine-preventable diseases; vaccines.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and otitis media among children <5 years of age, United States, 1997–2019 (8,12). A) Cases of IPD. B) Cases of IPD caused by 13-valent PCV serotypes. C) Healthcare visits for otitis media. The United States approved 7-valent PCV in 2000 and 13-valent PCV in 2010. Asterisk (*) indicates that for data on healthcare visits for otitis media, age range is 0–2 years. PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of PCVs on different syndromes of IPD in children <5 years of age, United States, 1997–2019. The United States approved 7-valent PCV in 2000 and 13-valent PCV in 2010. IPD, invasive pneumococcal disease; PCV, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.
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