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. 2021 Jan;63(1):e12227.
doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12227.

Sustained poor mental health among healthcare workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of the four-wave panel survey over 8 months in Japan

Natsu Sasaki  1 , Hiroki Asaoka  2 , Reiko Kuroda  3 , Kanami Tsuno  4 , Kotaro Imamura  1 , Norito Kawakami  1
Affiliations

Sustained poor mental health among healthcare workers in COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal analysis of the four-wave panel survey over 8 months in Japan

Natsu Sasaki et al. J Occup Health. 2021 Jan.

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the longitudinal change of the psychological distress of healthcare workers (HCWs) with non-HCWs during the repeated outbreaks of the COVID-19 in Japan.

Methods: The data were retrieved from the Employee Cohort Study in the Covid-19 pandemic in Japan study. An online survey was conducted on March 2020 (T1), on May 2020 (T2), on August 2020 (T3), and on November 2020 (T4). Psychological distress was measured by the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. A mixed-model repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted as an indicator of the group differences.

Results: A total sample of analysis was n = 996 (HCWs, n = 111; non-HCWs, n = 885). HCWs consisted of physicians/nurses/midwives and other HCWs (eg, pharmacists, clinical laboratory technicians) in the clinical settings (n = 19; 17% and n = 61; 55%, respectively), and HCWs not working in the clinical settings (n = 31; 28%). Being HCWs were associated with a significant increase in psychological distress from T1 to T2, T3 and T4 (P = .001, P = .002, P < .001; respectively).

Conclusions: The mental health of HCWs deteriorated through the COVID-19 outbreaks compared with non-HCWs. HCWs are continuously the important targets to provide mental health support.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; public health; stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

Approval of the research protocol: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, No. 10856‐(2)(3)(4)(5). Informed consent: Online informed consent was obtained from all participants with full disclosure and explanation of the purpose and procedures of this study. We explained that their participation was voluntary, and they can withdraw consent for any reason, simply by not completing the questionnaire. Registry and registration number of the study/trial: N/A. Animal studies: N/A. Conflict of interest: NK reports grants from SB AtWork Corp, Fujitsu Ltd, and TAK Ltd, personal fees from the Occupational Health Foundation, SB AtWork Corp, RIKEN, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Japan Dental Association, Sekisui Chemicals, Junpukai Health Care Center, Osaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry, outside the submitted work.

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