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Review
. 2021 May 14;27(18):2073-2089.
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i18.2073.

Immune disorders and rheumatologic manifestations of viral hepatitis

Roman Maslennikov  1 , Vladimir Ivashkin  1 , Irina Efremova  1 , Elena Shirokova  1
Affiliations
Review

Immune disorders and rheumatologic manifestations of viral hepatitis

Roman Maslennikov et al. World J Gastroenterol. .

Abstract

Infection with hepatotropic viruses is not limited to the liver and can lead to the development of various immunological disorders (the formation of cryoglobulins, rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, autoantibodies specific for autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis, and others), which can manifest as glomerulonephritis, arthritis, uveitis, vasculitis (cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, polyarteritis nodosa, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, isolated cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis), and other rheumatologic disorders, and be a trigger for the subsequent development of autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis. A further study of the association between autoimmune liver diseases and hepatotropic virus infection would be useful to assess the results of treatment of these associated diseases with antiviral drugs. The relationship of these immune disorders and their manifestations with hepatotropic viruses is best studied for chronic hepatitis B and C. Only isolated cases of these associations are described for hepatitis A. These links are least studied, and are often controversial for hepatitis E, possibly due to their relatively rare diagnoses. Patients with uveitis, glomerulonephritis, arthritis, vasculitis, autoimmune liver diseases should be tested for biomarkers of viral hepatitis, and if present, these patients should be treated with antiviral drugs.

Keywords: Hepatitis A; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis E; Rheumatoid factor; Vasculitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflict of interest for declaration.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Scheme of the development of immunological disorders and caused by them rheumatologic and other extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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