Alterations in mechanical muscle characteristics and postural control induced by tennis match-play in young players

Abstract

Background: Central and peripheric fatigue indicators are among the main reasons for performance decline following competition. Because of the impact of these factors on performance, how these variables are affected by match-play could be of interest, especially in young tennis players.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate alterations induced by a simulated tennis match on postural control and muscle characteristics in young tennis players.

Method: Seventeen male junior players took part in pre- and post-competition testing sessions performing postural control (displacement, speed and surface area of center of pressures) and muscle characteristics measurements (tone, stiffness, time to relaxation and elasticity). Between trials, participants played an 80-min simulated tennis match.

Results: No significant differences were observed in any of the tested variables. Moderate-to-large effect sizes (ES) for decreased stiffness and tone and greater time to relaxation were found between pre- and post-conditions in the right rectus abdominis (-9.8%, -4.4% and 7.8%; ES = 0.8, 0.54 and -0.85). Also, a decrease in tone was found in the right vastus medialis (-7.1%; ES = 0.56), while surface area of the center of pressures with eyes open showed trends towards increasing in post-match measurements (55.9%; ES = 0.56).

Conclusion: An 80-min simulated tennis match seems insufficient to elicit significant changes in postural control and mechanical muscle characteristics. Results suggest that physiological responses triggered by match-play were closer to those seen after a moderate activity than those present following a strenuous task.

Keywords: Balance; Posture; Stiffness; Tone.

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the experimental procedure.

Figure 2. Changes produced in stiffness (A), tone (B), elasticity (C) and time to relaxation (D) from pre to post match measurements.

ES, Cohen’s effect size; B, biceps brachii; PM, pectoralis major; D, deltoid; I, infraspinatus; RA, rectus abdominis; BF, biceps femoris; RF, rectus femoris; VM, vastus medialis; G, gastrocnemius. Bold line indicates mean value of the tested subjects (n = 17).