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. 2021 Jul;64(7):1572-1582.
doi: 10.1007/s00125-021-05450-2. Epub 2021 May 24.

Vitamin D concentrations from neonatal dried blood spots and the risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes in the Danish D-tect case-cohort study

Amélie Keller  1   2 , Fanney Thorsteinsdottir  3 , Maria Stougaard  3   4 , Isabel Cardoso  3 , Peder Frederiksen  3 , Arieh S Cohen  5 , Allan Vaag  6 , Ramune Jacobsen  3   7 , Berit L Heitmann  3   8   9
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Vitamin D concentrations from neonatal dried blood spots and the risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes in the Danish D-tect case-cohort study

Amélie Keller et al. Diabetologia. 2021 Jul.

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to examine the influence of neonatal vitamin D concentration on the development of early-onset type 2 diabetes in a large population sample.

Methods: We conducted a case-cohort study utilising data from the Danish biobank and registers. Neonatal vitamin D was assessed measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] concentrations on the dried blood spot samples from the Biological Specimen Bank for Neonatal Screening. Cases of type 2 diabetes (n = 731) were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register for all individuals born in Denmark between 1 May 1981 and 31 December 1992. The sub-cohort (n = 1765) was randomly selected from all children born in the same period. We used a weighted Cox proportional hazard model assessing the hazard of first type 2 diabetes diagnoses by quintiles of 25(OH)D3 and restricted cubic spline.

Results: The median 25(OH)D3 concentration (IQR) among cases was 21.3 nmol/l (13.3-34.1) and 23.9 nmol/l (13.7-35.7) in the sub-cohort. There was no indication of a potential lower risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes among individuals in the higher quintile of vitamin D concentration compared with the lowest (HRcrude 0.97 [95% CI 0.71, 1.33] p = 0.85; HRadjusted 1.29 [95% CI 0.92, 1.83] p = 0.14).

Conclusions/interpretation: The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that higher neonatal vitamin D concentrations are associated with a lower risk of early-onset type 2 diabetes in adulthood.

Keywords: 25(OH)D; Case-cohort; Fetal programming; Neonatal; Type 2 diabetes; Vitamin D.

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