The Clinical Characteristics of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Korea: A National Health Information Database Study

Abstract

Background: To investigate the clinical characteristics of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Korea, using a nationwide database.

Methods: We analyzed 417,139 women who gave birth between 2011 and 2015 using the Korean National Health Information Database. They underwent the Korean National Health Screening Program within one year before pregnancy and were not prescribed drugs for diabetes nor diagnosed with diabetes mellitus before 280 days antepartum. Patients with GDM were defined as those who visited the outpatient clinic more than twice with GDM codes.

Results: The prevalence of GDM was 12.70% and increased with increasing maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (P for trend <0.05). As compared with those aged <25 years, the odds ratio for women with GDM aged ≥40 years were 4.804 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.436 to 5.203) after adjustment for covariates. Women with prepregnancy BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were at 1.898 times (95% CI, 1.736 to 2.075) greater risk for GDM than those with prepregnancy BMI <18.5 kg/m2. Women with WC of ≥95 cm were at 1.158 times (95% CI, 1.029 to 1.191) greater risk for GDM than women with WC of less than 65 cm. High FPG, high income, smoking, and drinking were associated with an elevated risk of GDM.

Conclusion: The prevalence of GDM in Korean women increased up to 12.70% during 2011 to 2015. These data suggest the importance of GDM screening and prevention in high-risk groups in Korea.

Keywords: Diabetes, gestational; Pregnancy in diabetics; Prevalence; Republic of Korea.

Fig. 1

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus according to age (A), prepregnancy body mass index (B), waist circumference (C), and fasting plasma glucose (D) category.

Fig. 2

Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus based on location.