Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 May 25;14(1):45.
doi: 10.1186/s40545-021-00325-8.

National drug utilization trend of analgesics in China: an analysis of procurement data at 793 public hospitals from 2013 to 2018

Honghao Shi #  1 , Xianwen Chen #  1 , Xueli Liu  2 , He Zhu  2 , Fei Yu  3 , Carolina Oi Lam Ung  1 , Wai Sin Chan  4 , Hao Hu  5 , Sheng Han  6
Affiliations

National drug utilization trend of analgesics in China: an analysis of procurement data at 793 public hospitals from 2013 to 2018

Honghao Shi et al. J Pharm Policy Pract. .

Abstract

Background: This research aimed to evaluate analgesic utilization in public hospitals from 2013 to 2018 by analyzing the procurement data of 793 hospitals in China.

Methods: This study applied a retrospective observational study by using a database of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. The final dataset covers 30 provinces and municipalities in China, with a total of 793 public hospitals with complete procurement records of analgesics from January 2013 to December 2018. Procurement cost and dosage utilization were analyzed through descriptive trend statistics.

Results: From the procurement cost data, analgesics mainly consisted of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and the annual cost of both types of drugs increased yearly. The 6-year total cost of opioids accounts for 57% (17,800 million CNY), followed by the cost of NSAIDs accounts for 37% (11,400 million CNY). From 2013 to 2018, the annual cost of opioids nearly doubled, while the annual cost of NSAIDs doubled. The total 6-year clinical drug dosage of opioids accounts for 45% (675 million total defined daily dose (DDD)), and the NSAIDs account for 50% (747 million total DDD). From 2013 to 2018, the annual clinical drug dosage of NSAIDs increased by about 0.6 times. The annual clinical drug dosage of opioids has more than doubled. The top three opioid drugs were dezocine injection, remifentanil injection, and sufentanil injection solution. the top three NSAIDs were flurbiprofen injection, parecoxib injection, and celecoxib oral solution.

Conclusion: In China, analgesics utilization increased rapidly at public hospitals from 2013 to 2018. The utilization of analgesics was highly concentrated in NSAIDs and opioids. Within the two types of analgesics, the main analgesics utilization is also highly concentrated, with some highly risky analgesics. The rational guideline for the utilization of analgesics needs to be established with the support of real-world evidence.

Keywords: Analgesics; Dosage utilization; Drug utilization; Pain management; Procurement cost; Public hospital.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Annual cost and proportion of NSAIDs and opioids from 2013 to 2018 (100 million CNY, %)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Total cost of main opioids drugs from 2013 to 2018 (100 million CNY)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Annual cost of the four main opioid drugs from 2013 to 2018 (100 million CNY)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Proportion of four major opioids drugs from 2013 to 2018
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Annual cost of main NSAIDs drugs from 2013 to 2018 (100 million CNY)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Proportion of major NSAIDs drugs from 2013 to 2018
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Total clinical dosage utilization of analgesics from 2013 to 2018 (100 million, DDD)
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
DDI of NSAIDs from 2013 to 2018
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
DDI of opioids from 2013 to 2018
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Barkin RL. The pharmacology of topical analgesics. J Postgrad Med. 2013;125(1):7–18. doi: 10.1080/00325481.2013.1110566911. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Advancing Pain Research, Care and Education . Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2012. - PubMed
    1. McCarberg BH, Nicholson BD, Todd KH, Palmer T, Penles L. The impact of pain on quality of life and the unmet needs of pain management: results from pain sufferers and physicians participating in an Internet survey. Am J Ther. 2008;15(4):312–320. doi: 10.1097/MJT.0b013e31818164f2. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gordon DB, de Leon-Casasola OA, Wu CL, Sluka KA, Brennan TJ, Chou R. Research gaps in practice guidelines for acute postoperative pain management in adults: findings from a review of the evidence for an American Pain Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Pain. 2016;17(2):158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2015.10.023. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kaye AD, Jones MR, Kaye AM, et al. Prescription opioid abuse in chronic pain: an updated review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies to curb opioid abuse: part 1. J Pain Physician. 2017;20(2S):S93. doi: 10.36076/ppj.2017.s109. - DOI - PubMed