Sporadic foveolar-type gastric adenoma with a raspberry-like appearance in Helicobacter pylori-naïve patients

Abstract

Sporadic foveolar-type gastric adenoma (FGA) has been described as an extremely rare polyp that is whitish and flatly elevated. However, we recently found that sporadic FGA with a raspberry-like appearance (FGA-RA) is not rare in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-naïve gastric mucosa. We endoscopically or surgically treated 647 patients with gastric epithelial neoplasms in the last 5 years, with 7.7% (50/647) being H. pylori-naïve. Among these, 43 FGA-RAs were diagnosed based on histologic and endoscopic features in 34 patients, who were all enrolled in this retrospective study. All lesions were observed by white-light endoscopy (WLE) and narrow-band imaging with magnification endoscopy (NBIME). We subsequently analyzed their endoscopic and microscopic features and patient characteristics. The patients were 22 males and 12 females aged 57±23 years (mean±2SD). WLE showed raspberry-like small polyps mimicking gastric hyperplastic polyps in the oxyntic gastric compartment (body/fundus). Multiple growths were confirmed in 20.6% (7/34) of the patients. NBIME revealed irregularly shaped papillary/gyrus-like microstructures with abnormal capillaries. Histologically, all lesions were intraepithelial neoplasms, and most of lesions (62.8%, 27/43) exhibited low-grade dysplasia. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells featured strong and diffuse MUC5AC expression, negative or very low MUC6 expression, and negative MUC2/CD10 expression. They also showed Ki-67 hyperexpression with a mean labeling index of 59.4±48.7%. The coexistence of fundic gland polyps in the background mucosa was significantly higher in multiple FGA-RA cases than in solitary cases (100% vs. 55.5%, P< 0.05). FGA-RA is a newly suggested histologic variant of sporadic FGA whose occurrence is not rare in daily endoscopic practice.

Keywords: Foveolar-type adenoma; Helicobacter pylori–naïve; Raspberry-like appearance.