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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 May 10:2021:6692695.
doi: 10.1155/2021/6692695. eCollection 2021.

Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Yu Zhang  1 , Cheng-Ming Xiao  2 , Yan Zhang  2 , Qiong Chen  1 , Xiao-Qin Zhang  1 , Xue-Feng Li  1 , Ru-Yue Shao  3 , Yi-Meng Gao  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Factors Associated with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis

Yu Zhang et al. J Diabetes Res. .

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health issue, and the aim of the present study was to identify the factors associated with GDM. Databases were searched for observational studies until August 20, 2020. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. 103 studies involving 1,826,454 pregnant women were identified. Results indicated that maternal age ≥ 25 years (OR: 2.466, 95% CI: (2.121, 2.866)), prepregnancy overweight or obese (OR: 2.637, 95% CI: (1.561, 4.453)), family history of diabetes (FHD) (OR: 2.326, 95% CI: (1.904, 2.843)), history of GDM (OR: 21.137, 95% CI: (8.785, 50.858)), macrosomia (OR: 2.539, 95% CI: (1.612, 4.000)), stillbirth (OR: 2.341, 95% CI: (1.435, 3.819)), premature delivery (OR: 3.013, 95% CI: (1.569, 5.787)), and pregestational smoking (OR: 2.322, 95% CI: (1.359, 3.967)) increased the risk of GDM with all P < 0.05, whereas history of congenital anomaly and abortion, and HIV status showed no correlation with GDM (P > 0.05). Being primigravida (OR: 0.752, 95% CI: (0.698, 0.810), P < 0.001) reduced the risk of GDM. The factors influencing GDM included maternal age ≥ 25, prepregnancy overweight or obese, FHD, history of GDM, macrosomia, stillbirth, premature delivery, pregestational smoking, and primigravida.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of search strategy.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot for factors associated with GDM: (a) maternal age ≥ 25 years; (b) prepregnancy overweight or obese; (c) FHD; (d) history of GDM; (e) HIV status; (f) pregestational smoking.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot for previous history of obstetric factors associated with GDM: (a) macrosomia; (b) stillbirth; (c) premature delivery; (d) abortion; (e) congenital anomaly; (f) primigravida.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Egger's funnel plot of the publication bias improved by the trim and fill method for factors of GDM: (a) prepregnancy overweight or obese and (b) history of macrosomia.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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