Serum ceruloplasmin monitoring in a case of silver intoxication due to intravenous silver infusion

Abstract

Introduction: Colloidal silver packaged as a dietary supplement is readily available online and is thought to be safe. Literature describing its toxicity in humans is scarce.

Case report: A 47-year-old man presented to us for sensory and gait problems. He had unremarkable past health except dystrophic nails. He further volunteered a history of receiving chronic oral and intravenous administration of colloidal silver. We confirmed his plasma silver was 1200-fold elevated, measuring 11990 nmol/L (normal < 10 nmol/L). He had deranged liver function tests, and liver biopsy showed distorted acinar architecture, bridging fibrosis and lymphocytic infiltrate with silver particles clustering along the vascular endothelium and portal venules. Brain magnetic resonance imagining showed features of mineralization over bilateral globus pallidi. There was biochemical evidence of central adrenal insufficiency, intracellular iron overload and hypoceruloplasminemia (<0.05 g/L). Gradual clinical and biochemical improvement was noted after silver cessation: his plasma silver dropped to 4800 nmol/L (3 months) and 1650 nmol/L (12 months), and serum ceruloplasmin reverted to 0.13 g/L (10 months) and 0.29 g/L (20 months).

Conclusions: The potential effects of silver to liver and copper metabolism were shown in this case. Serum ceruloplasmin also serves as a surrogate marker in monitoring silver intoxication.

Keywords: Silver poisoning / intoxication; Wilson disease; deranged liver function; hypoceruloplasminemia; neurotoxicity.