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Meta-Analysis
. 2021 May 1;22(5):1351-1364.
doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.5.1351.

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA among Men with Oropharyngeal and Anogenital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sabeena Sasidharanpillai  1 , Nagaraja Ravishankar  2 , Veena Kamath  3 , Parvati Vinod Bhat  4 , Puneet Bhatt  1 , Govindakarnavar Arunkumar  1
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) DNA among Men with Oropharyngeal and Anogenital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sabeena Sasidharanpillai et al. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. .

Abstract

Objective: The term ''Human Papillomavirus'' or ''HPV'' has become synonymous with uterine cervical cancer leading to feminisation of all the preventive measures, especially immunisation. Taking into consideration the rising number of HPV associated cancers among men in many developed countries and the risk of transmission to women, male HPV infection is a serious concern. A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was performed to determine the global prevalence of HPV among men with oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature was performed searching electronic databases for published articles in English between January 1984- April 2020 based on standard systematic review guidelines. The meta-analysis component was modified appropriately for the synthesis of prevalence study results. National Institutes of Health checklist for observational, cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to assess the quality of the studies selected after the abstract and content review. The meta-analysis was performed in STATA version 13.0 (College Station, Texas 77,845 USA) and the forest plots were constructed using metan package in STATA.

Results: Through the electronic search of databases, 3486 original articles were screened for eligibility. Fifty-eight articles were systematically reviewed and 42 articles were qualified for meta-analysis including 4,250 men with oropharyngeal, penile and prostate cancers. The pooled prevalence of HPV DNA in oropharyngeal cancers was 45% (95%CI 24.0%-66.0%). Meanwhile the pooled prevalence rates of 48% (CI 40.0%- 57.0%) and 19% (CI 10.0%-29.0%) were observed in penile and prostate cancers respectively. Even though, articles regarding HPV prevalence in anal cancers were systematically reviewed, none of the studies were qualified for meta-analysis.

Conclusion: Higher pooled prevalence of HPV DNA was observed among men with oropharyngeal and penile cancers. Multicentric molecular studies investigating the prevalence of HPV in prostate cancers have to be planned in future.

Keywords: Oropharyngeal cancer; Penile cancer; Prostate Cancer; anal cancer; human papillomavirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any commercial organization or entity with a financial interest or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA Chart Depicting the Study Selection for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The flow diagram describing the number of studies identified, screened, full-text articles retrieved, and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis
Figure 2
Figure 2
The Forest Plot of Pooled HPV DNA Prevalence among Men with Histologically Confirmed Oropharyngeal Cancers. Squares specify the effect sizes of individual studies and extended lines denote 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sizes of square imply the weight of studies based on sample size using a random effects analysis. The diamond data indicates pooled prevalence. CI, confidence interval
Figure 3
Figure 3
The Forest Plot of Pooled HPV-16 DNA Prevalence among Men with Histologically Confirmed Oropharyngeal Cancers. Squares specify the effect sizes of individual studies and extended lines denote 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sizes of square imply the weight of studies based on sample size using a random effects analysis. The diamond data indicates pooled prevalence. CI, confidence interval
Figure 4
Figure 4
The Forest Plot of Pooled HPV DNA Prevalence in Histologically Confirmed Penile Cancers. Squares specify the effect sizes of individual studies and extended lines denote 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sizes of square imply the weight of studies based on sample size using a random effects analysis. The diamond data indicates pooled prevalence. CI, confidence interval
Figure 5
Figure 5
The Forest Plot of Pooled HPV Prevalence in Histologically Confirmed Prostate Cancer Cases. Squares specify the effect sizes of individual studies and extended lines denote 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sizes of square imply the weight of studies based on sample size using a random effects analysis. The diamond data indicates pooled prevalence. CI, confidence interval
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