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Observational Study
. 2022 Dec;41(12):3055-3060.
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.013. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Nutritional status in post SARS-Cov2 rehabilitation patients

M Gobbi  1 , A Brunani  2 , M Arreghini  2 , G Baccalaro  2 , D Dellepiane  2 , V La Vela  3 , E Lucchetti  2 , M Barbaglia  2 , A Cova  2 , E Fornara  2 , S Galli  2 , V Cimolin  4 , L Brugliera  5 , P Capodaglio  6
Affiliations
Observational Study

Nutritional status in post SARS-Cov2 rehabilitation patients

M Gobbi et al. Clin Nutr. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Background & aims: After prolonged hospitalization, the assessment of nutritional status and the identification of adequate nutritional support is of paramount importance. In this observational study, we aimed at assessing the presence of a malnutrition condition in SARS-Cov2 patients after the acute phase and the effects of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program on nutritional and functional status.

Methods: We recruited 48 patients (26 males/22 females) admitted to our Rehabilitation Unit after discharge from acute Covid Hospitals in northern Italy with negative swab for SARS-Cov2. We used the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria to identify patients with different degrees of malnutrition. Patients underwent a 3 to 4-week individual multidisciplinary rehabilitation program consisting of nutritional intervention (energy intake 27to30 kcal/die/kg and protein intake 1-1.3 g/die/kg), exercise for total body conditioning and progressive aerobic exercise with cycle- and arm-ergometer (45 min, 5 days/week). At admission and discharge from our Rehabilitation Unit, body composition and phase angle (PhA) (BIA101 Akern), muscle strength (handgrip, HG) and physical performance (Timed-Up-and-Go, TUG) were assessed.

Results: At admission in all patients the mean weight loss, as compared to the habitual weight, was -12.1 (7.6)%, mean BMI was 25.9 (7.9) kg/m2, mean Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Index (ASMI) was 6.6 (1.7) kg/m2 for males and 5.4 (1.4) kg/m2 for females, mean phase angle was 2.9 (0.9)°, mean muscle strength (HG) was 21.1 (7.8) kg for males and 16.4 (5.9) kg for females, mean TUG value was 23.7 (19.2) s. Based on GLIM criteria 29 patients (60% of the total) showed a malnutrition condition. 7 out of those 29 patients (24%) presented a mild/moderate grade and 22 patients (76%) a severe grade. After a rehabilitation program of an average duration of 25 days (range 13-46) ASMI increased, with statistically significant differences only in females (p = 0.001) and HG improved only in males (p = 0.0014). In all of the patients, body weight did not change, CRP/albumin (p < 0.05) and TUG (p < 0.001) were reduced and PhA increased (p < 0.01).

Conclusions: We diagnosed a malnutrition condition in 60% of our post SARS-Cov2 patients. An individualized nutritional intervention with adequate energy and protein intake combined with tailored aerobic and strengthening exercise improved nutritional and functional status.

Keywords: Exercise; Fat free mass; Malnutrition; Phase angle; Rehabilitation; SARS-Cov2.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest All the authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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