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. 2021 Sep:158:82-88.
doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.013. Epub 2021 May 26.

Mechanisms and strategies for a therapeutic cardiac immune response

Ilaria Ferrari  1 , Ronald J Vagnozzi  2
Affiliations

Mechanisms and strategies for a therapeutic cardiac immune response

Ilaria Ferrari et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021 Sep.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure:
Figure:. Homeostatic, pathological, and therapeutic immune states in the heart.
A) Multiple innate and adaptive immune cell types exist alongside cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the healthy homeostatic heart. These cells lie within the interstitial space, surrounding myocyte basement membranes (thick red lines) and integrated within a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM; depicted in blue). A growing body of evidence implicates multiple cardiac immune cell types in physiological functions beyond pathogen clearance and immunity. B) In the context of cardiac stress, immune cells are essential for effective wound healing and adaptive myocardial remodeling. However, chronic inflammatory macrophage polarization, effector T cell activation, and neutrophil infiltration occur under pathological immune conditions (left half of panel). Resulting persistent tissue damage drives myofibroblast activation, ECM deposition and misalignment, pathological hypertrophy, and loss of vascular integrity, collectively resulting in inadequate healing. Conversely, “therapeutic” immune responses can be achieved by enhancing amounts or functions of certain immune cell subtypes that promote favorable ECM composition and alignment, compensatory angiogenesis, and adaptive myocardial remodeling (right half of panel). Illustration created with BioRender.com.
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