Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Sep:158:82-88.
doi: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.05.013. Epub 2021 May 26.

Mechanisms and strategies for a therapeutic cardiac immune response

Ilaria Ferrari  1 , Ronald J Vagnozzi  2
Affiliations

Mechanisms and strategies for a therapeutic cardiac immune response

Ilaria Ferrari et al. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021 Sep.
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure:
Figure:. Homeostatic, pathological, and therapeutic immune states in the heart.
A) Multiple innate and adaptive immune cell types exist alongside cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells in the healthy homeostatic heart. These cells lie within the interstitial space, surrounding myocyte basement membranes (thick red lines) and integrated within a collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM; depicted in blue). A growing body of evidence implicates multiple cardiac immune cell types in physiological functions beyond pathogen clearance and immunity. B) In the context of cardiac stress, immune cells are essential for effective wound healing and adaptive myocardial remodeling. However, chronic inflammatory macrophage polarization, effector T cell activation, and neutrophil infiltration occur under pathological immune conditions (left half of panel). Resulting persistent tissue damage drives myofibroblast activation, ECM deposition and misalignment, pathological hypertrophy, and loss of vascular integrity, collectively resulting in inadequate healing. Conversely, “therapeutic” immune responses can be achieved by enhancing amounts or functions of certain immune cell subtypes that promote favorable ECM composition and alignment, compensatory angiogenesis, and adaptive myocardial remodeling (right half of panel). Illustration created with BioRender.com.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Pinto AR, Ilinykh A, Ivey MJ, Kuwabara JT, D’Antoni ML, Debuque R, et al. Revisiting Cardiac Cellular Composition. Circ Res 2016; 118(3): 400–9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Litvinukova M, Talavera-Lopez C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Worth CL, Lindberg EL, et al. Cells of the adult human heart. Nature 2020; 588(7838): 466–472. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Martini E, Kunderfranco P, Peano C, Carullo P, Cremonesi M, Schorn T, et al. Single-Cell Sequencing of Mouse Heart Immune Infiltrate in Pressure Overload-Driven Heart Failure Reveals Extent of Immune Activation. Circulation 2019; 140(25): 2089–2107. - PubMed
    1. Lindsey ML, Saucerman JJ, DeLeon-Pennell KY. Knowledge gaps to understanding cardiac macrophage polarization following myocardial infarction. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1862(12): 2288–2292. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Blanton RM, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Alcaide P. T-cell recruitment to the heart: friendly guests or unwelcome visitors? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317(1): H124–H140. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources