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. 2021 Mar;13(1):14-21.
doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1723859. Epub 2021 May 19.

Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test

Nisha Patidar  1 , Nitya Vyas  1 , Shanoo Sharma  1 , Babita Sharma  1
Affiliations

Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test

Nisha Patidar et al. J Lab Physicians. 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae . However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE. Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z -test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence. Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.

Keywords: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae; modified Hodge test; modified strip Carba NP test.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors’ Contribution ListFinancial DisclosureConflict of Interest N.P. undertook the research work under the guidance of co-authors, reviewed the literature, did data collection, data analysis, and interpretation, and prepared manuscript. N.V. conceptualized and designed the research work, approved the protocol, guided the research process, provided intellectual input, and proofread the manuscript. S.S. reviewed the literature and did data analysis and interpretation. B.S. provided intellectual input and guidance throughout the research process, did manuscript correction, and revised manuscript for important intellectual content None. None.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Modified strip Carba NP test.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of CRE among various age groups. CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae .
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution of CRE in various clinical samples included in study population. CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae .
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Phenotypic detection of CPE by MHT and Modified strip CNP test. CNP, Carba NP; CPE, carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae .
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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