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. 2021 May 11;21(10):3309.
doi: 10.3390/s21103309.

Image Motion Measurement and Image Restoration System Based on an Inertial Reference Laser

Ronggang Yue  1 , Humei Wang  1 , Ting Jin  1 , Yuting Gao  1 , Xiaofeng Sun  1 , Tingfei Yan  2 , Jie Zang  3 , Ke Yin  1 , Shitao Wang  1
Affiliations

Image Motion Measurement and Image Restoration System Based on an Inertial Reference Laser

Ronggang Yue et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Satellites have many high-, medium-, and low-frequency micro vibration sources that lead to the optical axis jitter of the optical load and subsequently degrade the remote sensing image quality. To address this problem, this paper developed an image motion detection and restoration method based on an inertial reference laser, and describe edits principle and key components. To verify the feasibility and performance of this method, this paper also built an image motion measurement and restoration system based on an inertial reference laser, which comprised a camera (including the inertial reference laser unit and a Hartmann wavefront sensor), an integrating sphere, a simulated image target, a parallel light pope, a vibration isolation platform, a vibration generator, and a 6 degrees of freedom platform. The image restoration principle was also described. The background noise in the experiment environment was measured, and an image motion measurement accuracy experiment was performed. Verification experiments of image restoration were also conducted under various working conditions. The experiment results showed that the error of image motion detection based on the inertial reference laser was less than 0.12 pixels (root mean square). By using image motion data to improve image quality, the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the restored image was increased to 1.61-1.88 times that of the original image MTF. The image motion data could be used as feedback to the fast steering mirror to compensate for the satellite jitter in real time and to directly obtain high-quality images.

Keywords: image motion; image restoration; inertial reference laser; micro vibrations; remote sensing satellite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principle of the image motion measurement method based on an inertial reference laser.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Model of the inertial reference laser unit.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram of the image motion measurement system based on an inertial reference laser.
Figure 4
Figure 4
3D model of the camera.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Power spectral density curve of the background noise of the vibration isolation platform.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Comparison of the image motion measurement curves under the condition of 12.5 Hz constant frequency sinusoidal excitation.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Comparison of image motion measurement curves under the condition of 20 Hz constant frequency sinusoidal excitation.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Comparison of image motion measurement curves under the condition of 50 Hz constant frequency sinusoidal excitation.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Comparison of image motion measurement curves under the condition of 110 Hz constant frequency sinusoidal excitation.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Comparison of image motion measurement curves under the condition of random vibration excitation.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Image restoration method and process based on an inertial reference laser.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The original image used for the experiment.
Figure 13
Figure 13
The MTF value is increased from 0.037 to 0.067.
Figure 14
Figure 14
The MTF value is increased from 0.045 to 0.080.
Figure 15
Figure 15
The MTF value is increased from 0.044 to 0.071.
Figure 16
Figure 16
The MTF value is increased from 0.048 to 0.090.
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