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. 2021 May 9;10(5):548.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10050548.

Retrospective Data Insight into the Global Distribution of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Min-Ge Wang  1   2 , Zhi-Yong Liu  3 , Xiao-Ping Liao  1   2   4 , Ruan-Yang Sun  1   2 , Run-Bo Li  1   2 , Yan Liu  5 , Liang-Xing Fang  1   2 , Jian Sun  1   2   4 , Ya-Hong Liu  1   2   4 , Rong-Min Zhang  1   2
Affiliations

Retrospective Data Insight into the Global Distribution of Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Min-Ge Wang et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the global distribution and molecular characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. A total of 328 (11.1%, 328/2953) carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates from humans were obtained from public databases as of October 2019. Of which, the blaVIM and blaIMP genes were the most prevalent carbapenemases in the P. aeruginosa isolates. These carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates possessed 34 distinct sequence types (STs) and six predominated: ST357, ST823, ST308, ST233, ST175 and ST111. The ST357 and ST823 isolates were primarily found detected in Asia and all ST175 isolates were found in Europe. The ST308, ST233 and ST111 isolates were spread worldwide. Further, all ST823 isolates and the majority of ST111, ST233 and ST175 isolates carried blaVIM but ST357 isolates primarily carried blaIMP. ST308 isolates provide a key reservoir for the spread of blaVIM, blaIMP and blaNDM. WGS analysis revealed that ST111 carried a great diversity of ARG types (n = 23), followed by ST357 (n = 21), ST308 (n = 19), ST233 (n = 18), ST175 (n = 14) and ST823 (n = 10). The ST175 isolates carried a more diversity and frequent of aminoglycoside ARGs, and ST233 isolates harbored more tetracycline ARGs. Our findings revealed that different carbapenem resistance genes were distributed primarily in variant STs of P. aeruginosa isolates, these isolates also possessed an extensive geographical distribution that highlights the need for surveillance studies that detect carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates in humans.

Keywords: ARGs; MLST; P. aeruginosa; carbapenemase; global distribution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure A1
Figure A1
Minimum-spanning tree of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates based on a core-genome MLST (cgMLST). Each node within the tree represents a cgMLST type, with diameters scaled to the number of isolates belonging to that type.
Figure A2
Figure A2
ARGs present among the blaVIM- and blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa isolates found in this study. The blue represents positive for ARGs in the blaVIM- and blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa isolates. The red dotted line represents a special value of worth noting
Figure A3
Figure A3
ARGs present among the six most prevalent STs in carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. The blue represents positive for ARGs in the carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. The red dotted line represents a special value of worth noting
Figure A4
Figure A4
Virulence factors present in carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. The blue represents positive for virulence factor in the carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Identification of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. (A) The numbers of carbapenem resistance genes in P. aeruginosa isolates. (B) The rates and numbers of variants in carbapenem resistance genes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Geographic distribution and MLST diversity of carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. The presence of the carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates is indicated by brown; the pie chart represents MLST diversity.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Associations of MLST with antibiotic resistance and geographic locations for the carbapenemase-producing P. aeruginosa isolates.
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