Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Wastewater of Abattoirs

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are regularly detected in livestock. As pathogens, they cause difficult-to-treat infections and, as commensals, they may serve as a source of resistance genes for other bacteria. Slaughterhouses produce significant amounts of wastewater containing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB), which are released into the environment. We analyzed the wastewater from seven slaughterhouses (pig and poultry) for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-carrying and colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. AMRB were regularly detected in pig and poultry slaughterhouse wastewaters monitored here. All 25 ESBL-producing bacterial strains (19 E. coli and six K. pneumoniae) isolated from poultry slaughterhouses were multidrug-resistant. In pig slaughterhouses 64% (12 of 21 E. coli [57%] and all four detected K. pneumoniae [100%]) were multidrug-resistant. Regarding colistin, resistant Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 54% of poultry and 21% of pig water samples. Carbapenem resistance was not detected. Resistant bacteria were found directly during discharge of wastewaters from abattoirs into water bodies highlighting the role of slaughterhouses for environmental surface water contamination.

Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae; MDR; resistance; slaughterhouse; wastewater.

Figure 1

RAPD patterns of five E. coli isolates obtained from slaughterhouse D in November 2020, highly similar patterns are framed by the box. Samples 469 and 471 originated from COLISTIN plates (duplicate 1 and 2, respectively), while 552 and 553 originated from ESBL plates (duplicate 1 and 2, respectively). Sample 554 originated from an ESBL plate of duplicate 2.

Figure 2

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of sequenced isolates. Genotypic data represent selected results from ABRicate (ARG-ANNOT, BacMet, Ecoli_VF). The header lists isolate number, species, sequence type, origin of isolation, and E. coli phylotype. mrdA is annotated as Penicillin_Binding_Protein_Ecoli in the ARG-ANNOT database.