Frequency of CDH1 Germline Mutations in Non-Gastric Cancers

Abstract

Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC) is a complex inherited syndrome caused by CDH1 germline mutations. DGC is the hallmark cancer of this genetic predisposition, but several other cancers are associated with these CDH1 mutations. In this review, we revised all studies reporting CDH1 mutations in non-GC patients. The selected studies included: (a) families aggregating with GC and other cancers, both, and (b) families presenting only non-gastric tumors association. Among non-gastric tumors, our results show that CDH1 mutations are most frequently identified in breast cancer. The frequency of missense mutations is higher in the non-GC group, as the age at diagnosis in this group. Moreover, the predominant CDH1 mutation affects the extracellular domain. Our data suggest that CDH1 genetic testing should be considered also in other cancers, especially breast tumors.

Keywords: CDH1 mutation; Lobular breast cancer; diffuse gastric cancer; hereditary cancer.

Figure 1

Frequency of CDH1 germline mutations in gastric cancer and other cancers (cancers in detail are shown in the second pie).

Figure 2

Mutation distribution in the different sites of CDH1 gene (SG: signal, TM: transmembrane, red: prostate cancer, black: breast cancer, orange: ovarian cancer, blue: colorectal cancer, purple: abdominal carcinosis, green: tongue cancer, and grey: thyroid cancer).