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. 2021 May 12;10(5):966.
doi: 10.3390/plants10050966.

Metabolomic Analysis of Cannabinoid and Essential Oil Profiles in Different Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Phenotypes

Marjeta Eržen  1 , Iztok J Košir  1 , Miha Ocvirk  1 , Samo Kreft  2 , Andreja Čerenak  1
Affiliations

Metabolomic Analysis of Cannabinoid and Essential Oil Profiles in Different Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Phenotypes

Marjeta Eržen et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cannabinoids and terpenoids have therapeutic effects on human and animal health. Cannabis plants can often have a relatively high heterogeneity, which leads to different phenotypes that have different chemical profiles despite being from the same variety. Little information exists about cannabinoid and terpenoid profiles in different hemp phenotypes within the same variety. For this study, 11 phenotypes from three different varieties ("Carmagnola" selected (CS), "Tiborszallasi" (TS), and "Finola" selection (FS)) were analyzed. The components of essential oil (29) were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID), and 10 different cannabinoids of each phenotype were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that according to the components of essential oil, FS and TS plants were more uniform than CS plants, where there were great differences between CI and CII phenotypes. The content of cannabinoid CBD-A was the highest in all four FS phenotypes. By comparing cannabinoid profiles, FS was clearly separated from TS and CS, while these two varieties were not clearly distinguishable. Phenotypes TV and CI had the highest total content of Δ-9-THC, while all phenotypes of FS had the highest total content of CBD. The highest total content of CBG was determined in phenotype CI. Obtained results are useful for the development of new supplementary ingredients, for different pharmacy treatments, and for further breeding purposes.

Keywords: Cannabaceae; Cannabis sativa L.; GC/FID; HPLC; cannabinoids; essential oils; terpenes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Principal component analysis (PCA) plots for phenotype averages according to essential oil components made on the first two PC scores (PC1 explained 39.44%, and PC2 explained 25.90%), with a total variance of 65.34%.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Principal component analysis (PCA) plots for phenotypes of the Carmagnola selected variety, according to components of essential oil made on the first two PC scores (PC1 explained 42.63%, and PC2 explained 16.16%), with a total variance of 58.79%.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Principal component analysis (PCA) plot averages of analyzed cannabinoids for included phenotypes made on the first two PC scores (PC1 explained 67.57%, and PC2 explained 14.70%), with a total variance of 82.27%.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Principal component analysis (PCA) plots of cannabinoid content for the Carmagnola selected variety without Δ-8-THC, made on the first two PC scores (PC1 explained 41.89%, and PC2 explained 22.97%), with a total variance of 64.86%.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pearson’s correlation coefficient of all three varieties and all phenotypes based on main terpenoids and cannabinoids.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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