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. 2021 May 8;18(9):4997.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094997.

Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes' Emotions

Montse C Ruiz  1 , Paul R Appleton  2 , Joan L Duda  2 , Laura Bortoli  3 , Claudio Robazza  3
Affiliations

Social Environmental Antecedents of Athletes' Emotions

Montse C Ruiz et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. .

Erratum in

Abstract

The coach-created motivational climate influences variations in athletes' motivation and emotional experiences. The present study aimed to examine social environmental antecedents of athletes' emotions. Participants (N = 262, 52% female, M age = 22.75 ± 6.92) completed questionnaires assessing perceptions of coach-created motivational climates, goal orientations, motivation regulations, and emotions. The mediation effects of goal orientations (i.e., task/ego) and motivation regulations (i.e., autonomous/controlled) on the relationship between motivational climate (i.e., empowering/disempowering) and emotions (i.e., happiness, excitement, anxiety, dejection, and anger) were examined. Structural equation modeling revealed positive direct effects of perceptions of an empowering motivational climate on happiness. Indirect effects of empowering climate to happiness and excitement via task orientation and autonomous motivation emerged. Perceptions of a disempowering climate positively predicted anxiety, dejection, and anger via ego orientation and controlled motivation. Overall, the findings have implications for coach education as they highlight the importance of creating more empowering environments and avoiding or reducing social comparisons.

Keywords: emotions; mediation; motivation; structural equation modeling.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structural equation model illustrating interrelationships between perceived motivational climate, goal orientations, motivation regulations, and emotions. Significant standardized estimates are presented (p < 0.05). Anxiety is not depicted as no significant direct paths emerged.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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