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. 2021 May 13;11(5):629.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci11050629.

Deficits in Early Sensory and Cognitive Processing Are Related to Phase and Nonphase EEG Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Esteban Sarrias-Arrabal  1 , Sara Eichau  2 , Alejandro Galvao-Carmona  3 , Elvira Domínguez  4 , Guillermo Izquierdo  5 , Manuel Vázquez-Marrufo  1
Affiliations

Deficits in Early Sensory and Cognitive Processing Are Related to Phase and Nonphase EEG Activity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Esteban Sarrias-Arrabal et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

Currently, there is scarce knowledge about the relation between spectral bands modulations and the basis of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this sense, analyzing the evoked or phase activity can confirm results from traditional event-related potential (ERP) studies. However, studying the induced or nonphase activity may be necessary to elucidate hidden compensatory or affected cognitive mechanisms. In this study, 30 remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients and 30 healthy controls (HCs) matched in sociodemographic variables performed a visual oddball task. The main goal was to analyze phase and nonphase alpha and gamma bands by applying temporal spectral evolution (TSE) and its potential relation with cognitive impairment in these patients. The behavioural results showed slower reaction time and poorer accuracy in MS patients compared to controls. In contrast, the time-frequency analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) revealed a delay in latency and lower amplitude in MS patients in evoked and induced alpha compared to controls. With respect to the gamma band, there were no differences between the groups. In summary, MS patients showed deficits in early sensorial (evoked alpha activity) and cognitive processing (induced alpha activity in longer latencies), whereas the induced gamma band supported the hypothesis of its role in translation of attentional focus (induced activity) and did not show strong activity in this paradigm (visual oddball).

Keywords: EEG; alpha; evoked; gamma; induced; multiple sclerosis; oddball.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Electrode matrix selected to analyze spectral activity.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Temporal spectral evolution (TSE).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Spectral activity of alpha band in both groups. (A) Evoked and induced waves for the alpha band (8–13 Hz) in the visual oddball task. (B) 2D head maps for the peak and valley latencies of evoked and induced activity. Abbreviations: MS: multiple sclerosis; HCs: healthy controls; ms: milliseconds; µV: microvolts.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spectral activity of gamma band in both groups. (A) Evoked and induced waves for the gamma band (30–45 Hz) in the visual oddball task. (B) 2D head maps for the peak and valley latencies of evoked and induced activity. Abbreviations: MS: multiple sclerosis; HCs: healthy controls; ms: milliseconds; µV: microvolts.
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