Translating Analytical Techniques in Geochemistry to Environmental Health

Abstract

From human health exposure related to environmental contamination to ancient deep-Earth processes related to differentiation of the Earth's geochemical reservoirs, the adaptability of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has proven to be an indispensable standard technique that transcends disciplines. Continued advancements in ICP-MS, including improved auxiliary applications such as laser ablation (LA), ion/liquid chromatography (IC), automated pre-concentration systems (e.g., seaFAST), and improved desolvating nebulizer systems (e.g., Aridus and Apex) have revolutionized our ability to analyze almost any sample matrix with remarkable precision at exceedingly low elemental abundances. The versatility in ICP-MS applications allows for effective interdisciplinary crossover, opening a world of analytical possibilities. In this communication, we discuss the adaptability of geochemical techniques, including sample preparation and analysis, to environmental and biological systems, using Pb isotopes for source apportionment as a primary example.

Keywords: ICP-MS; biomonitoring; environmental health; geochemistry; lead isotopes; source apportionment.

Figure 1

Two-dimensional Pb isotope diagrams for (a) ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, (b) ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, and (c) ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb showing the field of mixing for four distinct sources (A, B, C, D).

Figure 2

Three-dimensional Pb isotope diagram for ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb showing the field of mixing for four distinct sources (A, B, C, D).