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. 2021 May 14;11(5):156.
doi: 10.3390/bios11050156.

Stretchable Capacitive Pressure Sensing Sleeve Deployable onto Catheter Balloons towards Continuous Intra-Abdominal Pressure Monitoring

Kirthika Senthil Kumar  1 , Zongyuan Xu  1 , Manivannan Sivaperuman Kalairaj  1 , Godwin Ponraj  1 , Hui Huang  2 , Chi-Fai Ng  3 , Qing Hui Wu  4 , Hongliang Ren  1   5   6
Affiliations

Stretchable Capacitive Pressure Sensing Sleeve Deployable onto Catheter Balloons towards Continuous Intra-Abdominal Pressure Monitoring

Kirthika Senthil Kumar et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) is closely correlated with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) diagnoses, indicating the need for continuous monitoring. Early intervention for IAH and ACS has been proven to reduce the rate of morbidity. However, the current IAP monitoring method is a tedious process with a long calibration time for a single time point measurement. Thus, there is the need for an efficient and continuous way of measuring IAP. Herein, a stretchable capacitive pressure sensor with controlled microstructures embedded into a cylindrical elastomeric mold, fabricated as a pressure sensing sleeve, is presented. The sensing sleeve can be readily deployed onto intrabody catheter balloons for pressure measurement at the site. The thin and highly conformable nature of the pressure sensing sleeve captures the pressure change without hindering the functionality of the foley catheter balloon.

Keywords: IAP monitoring; biomedical monitoring; pressure sensor; sensing sleeve; soft sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Measurement set-up for intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) monitoring. (a) Schematic overview of modified Kron’s method for IAP measurements. (b) Proposed slip-on pressure sensing sleeve for continuous IAP measurements.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation IAP pressure sensor: (a) components and sandwich layer structure of the pressure sensor, and the fabrication process of the (b) dielectric and (c) electrode.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pressure sensing sleeve on a Foley catheter: Schematic representation of the fabrication of the pressure sensing sleeve.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dielectric material optimization with geometric variations. (a) Sensing principle of the sensor with microstructures upon applied pressure with varying distance (d). (b) IAP capacitive pressure sensor. Optical microscopic images of random microstructures of dielectric where some of the air voids are marked in red for (c) grit #36, (d) grit #60, (e) grit #120, and (f) grit #240.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Finite element analysis performed on different grit sizes showing the change in distance between the electrodes for applied pressure.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dielectric material optimization with geometric variations. (a) Sensor response to the effect of dielectric microstructure modification. (b) Sensor response to varied dielectric thicknesses.
Figure 7
Figure 7
In-vitro sensor characterizations. (a) Pressure sensing concept. Correlation between IAP and IVP intravesical pressure (IVP). (b) Photograph of the pressure varying chamber set-up.
Figure 8
Figure 8
In-vitro sensor characterizations. (a) Response time characterization under clinically relevant pressure settings. (b) Rise-time of the pressure sensor. (c) Fall-time of the pressure sensor.
Figure 9
Figure 9
In-vitro sensor characterizations. (a) The sensor response to pressure change is applied in various frequencies. (b) Drift response of the sensor with incremental and decremental small pressure. (c) Cyclic loading performance evaluation of the sensor showing a negligible drift up to 400 cycles. Insets show the obtained pressure cycles in the initial and final stages.
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