Diet Quality According to Mental Status and Associated Factors during Adulthood in Spain

Abstract

Common mental disorders (CMD) are characterized by non-psychotic depressive symptoms, anxiety and somatic complaints, which affect the performance of daily activities. This study aimed to analyze prevalence of diet quality among adults with and without CMD from 2006 to 2017, to study the frequency of food consumption and diet quality according to mental status and age, and to determine which sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related factors are associated with poor/moderate diet quality, according to mental status. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed in adults with (n = 12,545) and without CMD (n = 48,079). The data were obtained from three Spanish National Health Surveys (2006, 2011/2012 and 2017). Two logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with diet quality in people with and without CMD. Among those with CMD, the probability of having poor/moderate diet quality was significantly lower for overweight or obese people and those who took part in leisure-time physical activity. Among those without CMD, university graduates were less likely to have a poor/moderate diet quality. Good diet quality was observed more in older adults (≥65 years old) than in emerging (18-24 years old) or young adults (25-44 years old), regardless of mental status.

Keywords: age groups; anxiety; depression; diet; mental health; national health and nutrition examination survey; population.

Figure 1

Frequency of food consumption according to age groups of participants with common mental disorders (n = 12,545) (SNHS 2006, SNHS 2011/2012 and SNHS 2017) ((A) for daily consumption, (B) for 1–2 a week, (C) for never or hardly ever).

Figure 2

Frequency of food consumption according to age groups of participants without common mental disorders (n = 48,079) (SNHS 2006, SNHS 2011/2012 and SNHS 2017) ((A) for daily consumption, (B) for 1–2 a week, (C) for never or hardly ever).