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. 2021 May 25;26(11):3150.
doi: 10.3390/molecules26113150.

Optimizing Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol from Water by Magnetic MXene Using Response Surface Methodology and Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamics Studies

Mengwei Xu  1   2 , Chao Huang  1   2 , Jing Lu  3 , Zihan Wu  1   2 , Xianxin Zhu  1   2 , Hui Li  1   2 , Langtao Xiao  1   2 , Zhoufei Luo  1   2
Affiliations

Optimizing Adsorption of 17α-Ethinylestradiol from Water by Magnetic MXene Using Response Surface Methodology and Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherm, and Thermodynamics Studies

Mengwei Xu et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Magnetic MXene composite Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was successfully prepared and employed as 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) adsorbent from water solution. The response surface methodology was employed to investigate the interactive effects of adsorption parameters (adsorption time, pH of the solution, initial concentration, and the adsorbent dose) and optimize these parameters for obtaining maximum adsorption efficiency of EE2. The significance of independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test statistics. Optimization of the process variables for maximum adsorption of EE2 by Fe3O4@Ti3C2 was performed using the quadratic model. The model predicted maximum adsorption of 97.08% under the optimum conditions of the independent variables (adsorption time 6.7 h, pH of the solution 6.4, initial EE2 concentration 0.98 mg L-1, and the adsorbent dose 88.9 mg L-1) was very close to the experimental value (95.34%). pH showed the highest level of significance with the percent contribution (63.86%) as compared to other factors. The interactive influences of pH and initial concentration on EE2 adsorption efficiency were significant (p < 0.05). The goodness of fit of the model was checked by the coefficient of determination (R2) between the experimental and predicted values of the response variable. The response surface methodology successfully reflects the impact of various factors and optimized the process variables for EE2 adsorption. The kinetic adsorption data for EE2 fitted well with a pseudo-second-order model, while the equilibrium data followed Langmuir isotherms. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. Therefore, Fe3O4@Ti3C2 composite present the outstanding capacity to be employed in the remediation of EE2 contaminated wastewaters.

Keywords: 17α-ethinylestradiol; Fe3O4@Ti3C2 composite; adsorption; response surface methodology; water remediation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
XRD spectrum (a); magnetization hysteresis loop (b); TGA thermograms of Fe3O4@Ti3C2 (c); BET analysis of Fe3O4@Ti3C2 (d), SEM image of Ti3C2 (e); Fe3O4@Ti3C2 (f); TEM image of Ti3C2 (g), and Fe3O4@Ti3C2 (h).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Plot of the measured and predicted values of the response variable (a); plot of Studentized residuals versus experimental run number (b).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Three-dimensional response surface plot for the effects of time and pH (a); time and concentration (b); time and dose (c); pH and concentration (d); pH and dose (e); concentration and dose (f).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Kinetic models for the adsorptions of EE2 onto Fe3O4@Ti3C2 (C0 = 0.98 mg L−1, dose 88.9 mg L−1, pH 6.4, time 0.5 to 10 h).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Adsorption isotherm data for EE2 on Fe3O4@Ti3C2 (C0 = 0.98 mg L−1, dose 88.9 mg L−1, time 24 h, pH 6.4, and temperature 288–318 K).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Van’t Hoff plot for the determination of ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° (C0 = 500 μg L−1).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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