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. 2021 May 30;10(6):654.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10060654.

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila in the Flesh of Nile Tilapia, with Special Reference to Their Virulence Genes Detected Using Multiplex PCR Technique

Hanan A Zaher  1 , Mohamad I Nofal  2 , Basma M Hendam  3 , Moustafa M Elshaer  4 , Abdulaziz S Alothaim  5 , Mostafa M Eraqi  5   6
Affiliations

Prevalence and Antibiogram of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila in the Flesh of Nile Tilapia, with Special Reference to Their Virulence Genes Detected Using Multiplex PCR Technique

Hanan A Zaher et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Aeromonas hydrophila are major public health problems and the main cause of bacterial disease in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance and some virulence genes of both V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila isolates from Nile tilapia. From Manzala Farm at Dakahlia governorate, 250 freshwater fish samples were collected. The confirmed bacterial isolates from the examined Nile tilapia samples in the study were 24.8% (62/250) for V. parahaemolyticus and 19.2% (48/250) for A. hydrophila. multiplex PCR, revealing that the tlh gene was found in 46.7% (29/62) of V. parahaemolyticus isolates, while the tdh and trh virulence genes were found in 17.2% (5/29). Meanwhile, 39.5% (19/48) of A. hydrophila isolates had the 16s rRNA gene and 10.5% (2/19) had the aerA and ahh1 virulence genes. The Multiple Antibiotic Resistance indices of V. parahaemolyticus and A. hydrophila were 0.587 and 0.586, respectively. In conclusion, alternative non-antibiotic control strategies for bacterial infections in farmed fish should be promoted to avoid multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is suggested that farmers should be skilled in basic fish health control and that molecular detection methods are more rapid and cost-effective than bacteriological methods.

Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila; Oreochromis niloticus; Vibrio parahaemolyticus; molecular identification.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical signs and postmortem examination of diseased Nile tilapia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence and molecular identification of confirmed isolates of V. parahaemolyticus (a) and A. hydrophila (b) in Nile tilapia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Agarose gel electrophoresis of multiplex PCR of trh (500 bp) tlh (450 bp) and tdh (269 bp) genes of V. parahaemolyticus. Lane M: 100 bp ladder, Lane C+: control positive, Lane C-: Control negative; Lanes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6: positive strains for trh genes; Lane 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6: positive strains for tlh genes; Lanes 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6: positive strains for tdh genes.
Figure 4
Figure 4
16S rRNA (356 bp), aerA (309 bp) and ahhl (130 bp) virulence genes to characterize A. hydrophila. Lane M: 100 bp ladder, Lane C+: control positive, Lane C-: control negative; Lanes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6: positive strains for 16S rRNA genes; Lanes 1, 4 and 6: positive strains for aerA genes; Lanes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5: positive strains for ahhl genes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Antibiotic susceptibility of V. parahaemolyticus.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Antibiotic susceptibility of A. hydrophila.
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