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. 2021 May 28;11(6):1578.
doi: 10.3390/ani11061578.

Left and Right Myocardial Functionality Assessed by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Cats with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Ryohei Suzuki  1 , Yunosuke Yuchi  1 , Haruka Kanno  1 , Takahiro Teshima  1 , Hirotaka Matsumoto  1 , Hidekazu Koyama  1
Affiliations

Left and Right Myocardial Functionality Assessed by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Cats with Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Ryohei Suzuki et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

The endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy (EMF-RCM), a primary disorder of the myocardium, is one of the diseases with poor prognosis in cats. We hypothesized that both the left and right myocardial functional abnormalities may occur in cats with EMF-RCM, causing this disease pathophysiology and clinical status. Out of the 25 animals included in this study, 10 were client-owned cats with EMF-RCM, and 15 were healthy cats. In this study, cats were assessed for layer-specific myocardial function (whole, endocardial, and epicardial) in the left ventricular longitudinal and circumferential directions, and right ventricular longitudinal direction, via two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE). Cats with EMF-RCM had depressed left ventricular myocardial deformations both in systole (whole longitudinal strain, epicardial longitudinal strain, and endocardial circumferential strain) and diastole (early and late diastolic longitudinal strain rates, and late diastolic circumferential strain rate) compared to controls. Furthermore, some right ventricular myocardial deformations (systolic longitudinal strain in epicardial layers, and endocardial-to-epicardial strain ratio) were significantly differerent in cats with EMF-RCM. Myocardial function assessed by 2D-STE could reveal left and right myocardial dysfunction.

Keywords: endomyocardial fibrosis; feline; heart; restrictive cardiomyopathy; speckle-tracking echocardiography; strain; strain rate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Layer-specific (whole, endocardial, and epicardial layer) left ventricular longitudinal global (dotted line) and segmental (colored lines) strain curves obtained from two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (left apical four-chamber) in a healthy cat (a) and a cat with the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy (b). Six segmental curves are designated as the basal septum (yellow), middle septum (light blue), apical septum (green), apical lateral (purple), middle lateral (dark blue), and basal lateral (red) for speckle tracking analysis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Layer-specific (whole, endocardial, and epicardial layer) left ventricular circumferential global (dotted line) and segmental (colored lines) strain curves obtained from two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (right parasternal short-axis view) in a healthy cat (a) and a cat with the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy (b). Six segmental curves are designated as the anterior septum (yellow), anterior (light blue), lateral (green), posterior (purple), inferior (dark blue), and septum (red) for speckle tracking analysis. Note the depressed endocardial circumferential strain in this representative endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy cat.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Layer-specific (whole, endocardial, and epicardial layer) right ventricular free wall longitudinal global (dotted line) and segmental (colored lines) strain curves obtained from two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (left apical four-chamber view modified for right heart assessment) in a healthy cat (a) and a cat with the endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy (b). Three segmental curves are designated as the basal lateral (yellow), middle lateral (light blue), apical lateral (green) in the right ventricular free wall for speckle tracking analysis. Note that all layers are depressed in right ventricular strains in this representative endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy in cats.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Individual plots of left ventricular circumferential strain in endomyocardial layer in cats with restrictive cardiomyopathy and healthy cats. Bar represents mean values of each group. EMF-RCM, endomyocardial form of restrictive cardiomyopathy.
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