Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer

doi:10.3390/cancers13112652

Review

. 2021 May 28;13(11):2652.

doi: 10.3390/cancers13112652.

Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer

Masanori Oshi^{1

2}, Vijayashree Murthy¹, Hideo Takahashi³, Michelle Huyser¹, Maiko Okano⁴, Yoshihisa Tokumaru^{1

5}, Omar M Rashid^{6

7}, Ryusei Matsuyama², Itaru Endo², Kazuaki Takabe^{1

2

3

8

9

10}

Affiliations

¹ Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
² Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
³ Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB), Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai South Nassau, One South Central Avenue, Valley Stream, NY 11580, USA.
⁴ Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
⁵ Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
⁶ Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Holy Cross Hospital, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA.
⁷ Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
⁸ Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
⁹ Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.

PMID: 34071230
PMCID: PMC8199052
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112652

Review

Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer

Masanori Oshi et al. Cancers (Basel). 2021.

. 2021 May 28;13(11):2652.

doi: 10.3390/cancers13112652.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Breast Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
² Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
³ Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB), Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai South Nassau, One South Central Avenue, Valley Stream, NY 11580, USA.
⁴ Department of Breast Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan.
⁵ Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
⁶ Michael and Dianne Bienes Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Holy Cross Hospital, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33308, USA.
⁷ Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
⁸ Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
⁹ Department of Breast Surgery and Oncology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
¹⁰ Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.

PMID: 34071230
PMCID: PMC8199052
DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112652

Abstract

Tissue biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and morphological and immunohistochemical analyses to characterize cancer. However, tissue biopsy usually requires an invasive procedure, and it can be challenging depending on the condition of the patient and the location of the tumor. Even liquid biopsy analysis of body fluids such as blood, saliva, gastric juice, sweat, tears and cerebrospinal fluid may require invasive procedures to obtain samples. Liquid biopsy can be applied to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids (NAs) in blood. Recently, urine has gained popularity due to its less invasive sampling, ability to easily repeat samples, and ability to follow tumor evolution in real-time, making it a powerful tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cancer patients. With the development and advancements in extraction methods of urinary substances, urinary NAs have been found to be closely related to carcinogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic response, not only in urological cancers but also in non-urological cancers. This review mainly highlights the components of urine liquid biopsy and their utility and limitations in oncology, especially in non-urological cancers.

Keywords: DNA; liquid biopsy; mRNA; microRNA; sncRNA; urine; urine liquid biopsy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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[1] Johnson B.E., Mazor T., Hong C., Barnes M., Aihara K., McLean C.Y., Fouse S.D., Yamamoto S., Ueda H., Tatsuno K., et al. Mutational analysis reveals the origin and therapy-driven evolution of recurrent glioma. Science. 2014;343:189–193. doi: 10.1126/science.1239947. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Johnson B.E., Mazor T., Hong C., Barnes M., Aihara K., McLean C.Y., Fouse S.D., Yamamoto S., Ueda H., Tatsuno K., et al. Mutational analysis reveals the origin and therapy-driven evolution of recurrent glioma. Science. 2014;343:189–193. doi: 10.1126/science.1239947. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] McGranahan N., Swanton C. Clonal Heterogeneity and Tumor Evolution: Past, Present, and the Future. Cell. 2017;168:613–628. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.018. - DOI - PubMed

[4] McGranahan N., Swanton C. Clonal Heterogeneity and Tumor Evolution: Past, Present, and the Future. Cell. 2017;168:613–628. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.018. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Sun R., Hu Z., Sottoriva A., Graham T.A., Harpak A., Ma Z., Fischer J.M., Shibata D., Curtis C. Between-region genetic divergence reflects the mode and tempo of tumor evolution. Nat. Genet. 2017;49:1015–1024. doi: 10.1038/ng.3891. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Sun R., Hu Z., Sottoriva A., Graham T.A., Harpak A., Ma Z., Fischer J.M., Shibata D., Curtis C. Between-region genetic divergence reflects the mode and tempo of tumor evolution. Nat. Genet. 2017;49:1015–1024. doi: 10.1038/ng.3891. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Yan T., Cui H., Zhou Y., Yang B., Kong P., Zhang Y., Liu Y., Wang B., Cheng Y., Li J., et al. Multi-region sequencing unveils novel actionable targets and spatial heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:1670. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09255-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Yan T., Cui H., Zhou Y., Yang B., Kong P., Zhang Y., Liu Y., Wang B., Cheng Y., Li J., et al. Multi-region sequencing unveils novel actionable targets and spatial heterogeneity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:1670. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09255-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Hu X., Fujimoto J., Ying L., Fukuoka J., Ashizawa K., Sun W., Reuben A., Chow C.W., McGranahan N., Chen R., et al. Multi-region exome sequencing reveals genomic evolution from preneoplasia to lung adenocarcinoma. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:2978. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10877-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[10] Hu X., Fujimoto J., Ying L., Fukuoka J., Ashizawa K., Sun W., Reuben A., Chow C.W., McGranahan N., Chen R., et al. Multi-region exome sequencing reveals genomic evolution from preneoplasia to lung adenocarcinoma. Nat. Commun. 2019;10:2978. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10877-8. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer

Affiliations

Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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