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Review
. 2021 May 28;13(6):1013.
doi: 10.3390/v13061013.

Temperate Bacteriophages-The Powerful Indirect Modulators of Eukaryotic Cells and Immune Functions

Martyna Cieślik  1 , Natalia Bagińska  1 , Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak  1 , Alicja Węgrzyn  2 , Grzegorz Węgrzyn  3 , Andrzej Górski  1   4   5
Affiliations
Review

Temperate Bacteriophages-The Powerful Indirect Modulators of Eukaryotic Cells and Immune Functions

Martyna Cieślik et al. Viruses. .

Abstract

Bacteriophages are natural biological entities that limit the growth and amplification of bacteria. They are important stimulators of evolutionary variability in bacteria, and currently are considered a weapon against antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Nevertheless, apart from their antibacterial activity, phages may act as modulators of mammalian immune responses. In this paper, we focus on temperate phages able to execute the lysogenic development, which may shape animal or human immune response by influencing various processes, including phagocytosis of bacterial invaders and immune modulation of mammalian host cells.

Keywords: immune system; immunomodulation; lysogen; prophage.

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Conflict of interest statement

A. Górski is the co-inventor of patents owned by the L. Hirszfeld Institute and covered phage preparations. Other authors declared that the research was conducted without any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prophage present in the bacterial genome may influence both pathogenicity of bacteria and modulate the functions of cells of immune system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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