A Review on Obesity Management through Natural Compounds and a Green Nanomedicine-Based Approach

Abstract

Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.

Keywords: nanoencapsulation; obesity; secondary metabolites and adipogenesis.

Figure 1

Obesity regulatory factors.

Figure 2

List of various parameters for assessing the anti-obesity efficacy of various natural products.

Figure 3

Diagram showing the different steps mainly regulated by polyphenols in managing obesity.

Figure 4

Diagram showing the primary mechanism that flavonoids have anti-obesity effects via different pathways.

Figure 5

The anti-obesity mechanisms of diterpenoids.