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. 2021 May 27;14(11):2884.
doi: 10.3390/ma14112884.

Influence of Type of Modified Binder on Stiffness and Rutting Resistance of Low-Noise Asphalt Mixtures

Raman Pakholak  1 , Andrzej Plewa  1 , Wladyslaw Gardziejczyk  1
Affiliations

Influence of Type of Modified Binder on Stiffness and Rutting Resistance of Low-Noise Asphalt Mixtures

Raman Pakholak et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Low-noise asphalt mixtures are characterized by increased air void content. Their more open structure contributes to faster degradation within the operating temperature range. For this reason, binder modification is used in their production. The correct selection of modifiers allows one to significantly improve the technical properties of the mixtures. The article presents the results of tests of six types of mixtures: stone mastic asphalt (SMA8), porous asphalt (PA8), stone mastic asphalt reducing tire/road noise (SMA8 LA) and stone mastic asphalt reducing tire/road noise, with 10%, 20% and 30% content of rubber granulate (RG). Bitumen 50/70 modified with copolymer styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) and crumb rubber (CR) was used for the production of the mixtures. In order to determine the differences in the technical properties of the mixtures, the following parameters were tested: stiffness modules by indirect tensile testing of cylindrical specimens (IT-CY) in a wide range of positive temperatures, and resistance to permanent deformation using the British and Belgian methods with the use of double wheel tracker (DWT). The test results and their analysis confirmed that there was a significant improvement in the IT-CY stiffness modules of SBS and CR modified mixtures. Replacing more than 20% of coarse aggregate with RG causes a significant decrease in the stiffness of the mixture (by 90% in relation to the reference mixture SMA8 LA). The SMA mixtures obtained lower values of rutting resistance parameters (WTS and PRD) in water (Belgian method) compared to the results obtained in the air tests (British method). On the other hand, mixtures of PA, thanks to the compression of stresses in pores filled with water, obtained better results when the rutting resistance test was performed in the water (Belgian method).

Keywords: low noise pavement; modified bitumen; rubber granulate; rutting resistance; stiffness modulus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The particle size distribution of tested mixtures.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DWT test device and sample setup.
Figure 3
Figure 3
IT-CY stiffness modulus as a function of temperature for mixtures: (a) SMA8; (b) SMA8 LA; (c) PA8; (d) SMA8 LA(10%RG); (e) SMA8 LA(20%RG); and (f) SMA8 LA(30%RG).
Figure 3
Figure 3
IT-CY stiffness modulus as a function of temperature for mixtures: (a) SMA8; (b) SMA8 LA; (c) PA8; (d) SMA8 LA(10%RG); (e) SMA8 LA(20%RG); and (f) SMA8 LA(30%RG).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Stiffness modulus as a function of temperature and mixture type.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dependence of rut depth on the number of cycles and mixture type using the British method: (a) SMA8; (b) SMA8 LA; (c) PA8; (d) SMA8 LA (10%RG); (e) SMA8 LA (20%RG); and (f) SMA8 LA (30%RG).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dependence of rut depth on the number of cycles and mixture type using the British method: (a) SMA8; (b) SMA8 LA; (c) PA8; (d) SMA8 LA (10%RG); (e) SMA8 LA (20%RG); and (f) SMA8 LA (30%RG).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dependence of rut depth on the number of cycles and mixture type using the Belgian method: (a) SMA8; (b) SMA8 LA; (c) PA8; (d) SMA8 LA (10%RG); (e) SMA8 LA (20%RG); and (f) SMA8 LA (30%RG).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Dependence of rut depth on the number of cycles and mixture type using the Belgian method: (a) SMA8; (b) SMA8 LA; (c) PA8; (d) SMA8 LA (10%RG); (e) SMA8 LA (20%RG); and (f) SMA8 LA (30%RG).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Graphical interpretation of the adopted models: (a) WTSair, (b) PRDair, (c) WTSw and (d) PRDw, as a function of mixture type and modifier type.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Graphical interpretation of the adopted models: (a) WTSair, (b) PRDair, (c) WTSw and (d) PRDw, as a function of mixture type and modifier type.
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