Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 May 31;57(6):552.
doi: 10.3390/medicina57060552.

Immune Modulation in Critically Ill Septic Patients

Salvatore Lucio Cutuli  1 , Simone Carelli  1 , Domenico Luca Grieco  1 , Gennaro De Pascale  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Immune Modulation in Critically Ill Septic Patients

Salvatore Lucio Cutuli et al. Medicina (Kaunas). .

Abstract

Sepsis is triggered by infection-induced immune alteration and may be theoretically improved by pharmacological and extracorporeal immune modulating therapies. Pharmacological immune modulation may have long lasting clinical effects, that may even worsen patient-related outcomes. On the other hand, extracorporeal immune modulation allows short-term removal of inflammatory mediators from the bloodstream. Although such therapies have been widely used in clinical practice, the role of immune modulation in critically ill septic patients remains unclear and little evidence supports the role of immune modulation in this clinical context. Accordingly, further research should be carried out by an evidence-based and personalized approach in order to improve the management of critically ill septic patients.

Keywords: blood purification; extracorporeal immune modulation; infection; renal replacement therapy; sepsis; septic shock.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest with this paper.

References

    1. Singer M., Deutschman C.S., Seymour C.W., Shankar-Hari M., Annane D., Bauer M., Bellomo R., Bernard G.R., Chiche J.-D., Coopersmith C.M., et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) JAMA. 2016;315:801–810. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rhodes A., Evans L.E., Alhazzani W., Levy M.M., Antonelli M., Ferrer R., Kumar A., Sevransky J.E., Sprung C.L., Nunnally M.E., et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43:304–377. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Seymour C.W., Gesten F., Prescott H.C., Friedrich M.E., Iwashyna T.J., Phillips G.S., Lemeshow S., Osborn T., Terry K.M., Levy M.M. Time to Treatment and Mortality during Mandated Emergency Care for Sepsis. N. Engl. J. Med. 2017;376:2235–2244. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1703058. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cutuli S., De Pascale G., Antonelli M. ’σήψις’ yesterday, sepsis nowadays: What’s changing? J. Thorac. Dis. 2017;9:E166–E167. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2017.02.43. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. De Pascale G., Cutuli S., Pennisi M., Antonelli M. The role of mannose-binding lectin in severe sepsis and septic shock. Mediat. Inflamm. 2013;2013:625803. doi: 10.1155/2013/625803. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Substances