Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 May 26;13(6):379.
doi: 10.3390/toxins13060379.

Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts-A Study Protocol

Magdalena Gajęcka  1 , Magdalena Mróz  1 , Paweł Brzuzan  2 , Ewa Onyszek  3 , Łukasz Zielonka  1 , Karolina Lipczyńska-Ilczuk  4 , Katarzyna E Przybyłowicz  5 , Andrzej Babuchowski  3 , Maciej T Gajęcki  1
Affiliations

Correlations between Low Doses of Zearalenone, Its Carryover Factor and Estrogen Receptor Expression in Different Segments of the Intestines in Pre-Pubertal Gilts-A Study Protocol

Magdalena Gajęcka et al. Toxins (Basel). .

Abstract

Plant materials can be contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins and their derivatives, whose toxic effects on humans and animals may remain subclinical. Zearalenone (ZEN), a low-molecular-weight compound, is produced by molds in crop plants as a secondary metabolite. The objective of this study will be to analyze the in vivo correlations between very low monotonic doses of ZEN (5, 10, and 15 μg ZEN/kg body weight-BW for 42 days) and the carryover of this mycotoxin and its selected metabolites from the intestinal contents to the intestinal walls, the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alfa (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) genes, and the mRNA expression of genes modulating selected colon enzymes (CYP1A1 and GSTP1) in the intestinal mucosa of pre-pubertal gilts. An in vivo experiment will be performed on 60 clinically healthy animals with initial BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg. The gilts will be randomly divided into a control group (group C, n = 15) and three experimental groups (group ZEN5, group ZEN10, and group ZEN15; n = 15). Group ZEN5 will be administered per os 5 μg ZEN/kg BW (MABEL), group ZEN10-10 μg ZEN/kg BW (NOAEL), and group ZEN15-15 µg ZEN/kg BW (low LOAEL). In each group, five animals will be euthanized on analytical dates 1 (exposure day 7), 2 (exposure day 21), and 3 (exposure day 42). Samples for in vitro analyses will be collected from an intestinal segment resected from the following regions: the third (horizontal) part of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon. The experimental material will be collected under special conditions, and it will be transported to specialist laboratories where samples will be obtained for further analyses.

Keywords: CYP1A1 mRNA; ERs mRNA; GSTP1 mRNA; carryover factor; digestive tract; pre-pubertal gilts; zearalenone.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The chromatogram of standard solution.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Thielecke F., Nugent A.P. Contaminants in Grain—A Major Risk for Whole Grain Safety? Nutrients. 2018;10:1213. doi: 10.3390/nu10091213. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fleetwood J., Rahman S., Holland D., Millson D., Thomson L., Poppy G. As clean as they look? Food hygiene inspection scores, microbiological contamination, and foodborne illness. Food Control. 2019;96:76–86. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.08.034. - DOI
    1. Alassane-Kpembi I., Pinton P., Oswald I.P. Effects of Mycotoxins on the Intestine. Toxins. 2019;11:159. doi: 10.3390/toxins11030159. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mahato D.K., Devi S., Pandhi S., Sharma B., Maurya K.K., Mishra S., Dhawan K., Selvakumar R., Kamle M., Mishra A.K., et al. Occurrence, Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Management Strategies of Zearalenone in Food and Feed: A Review. Toxins. 2021;13:92. doi: 10.3390/toxins13020092. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Piotrowska M., Sliżewska K., Nowak A., Zielonka Ł., Żakowska Z., Gajęcka M., Gajęcki M. The effect of experimental fusarium mycotoxicosis on microbiota diversity in porcine ascending colon contents. Toxins. 2014;6:2064–2081. doi: 10.3390/toxins6072064. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types