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. 2021 May 27:13:453-464.
doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S304868. eCollection 2021.

Glycated Albumin for Glycemic Control in T2DM Population: A Multi-Dimensional Evaluation

Lucrezia Ferrario  1 , Fabrizio Schettini  1 , Angelo Avogaro  2 , Chiara Bellia  3 , Federico Bertuzzi  4 , Graziella Bonetti  5 , Antonio Ceriello  6 , Marcello Ciaccio  3   7 , Massimiliano Corsi Romanelli  8   9 , Elena Dozio  9 , Luca Falqui  10 , Angela Girelli  11 , Antonio Nicolucci  12 , Gianluca Perseghin  13   14 , Mario Plebani  15 , Umberto Valentini  11 , Martina Zaninotto  15 , Silvana Castaldi  9   16 , Emanuela Foglia  1
Affiliations

Glycated Albumin for Glycemic Control in T2DM Population: A Multi-Dimensional Evaluation

Lucrezia Ferrario et al. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. .

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the glycated albumin (GA) introduction implications, as an add-on strategy to traditional glycemic control (Hb1Ac and fasting plasma glucose - FPG) instruments, considering insulin-naïve individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), treated with oral therapies.

Methods: A Health Technology Assessment was conducted in Italy, as a multi-dimensional approach useful to validate any innovative technology. The HTA dimensions, derived from the EUnetHTA Core Model, were deployed by means of literature evidence, health economics tools and qualitative questionnaires, filled-in by 15 professionals.

Results: Literature stated that the GA introduction could lead to a higher number of individuals achieving therapeutic success after 3 months of therapy (97.0% vs 71.6% without GA). From an economic point of view, considering a projection of 1,955,447 T2DM insulin-naïve individuals, potentially treated with oral therapy, GA introduction would imply fewer individuals requiring a therapy switch (-89.44%), with a 1.06% in costs reduction, on annual basis, thus being also the preferable solution from a cost-effectiveness perspective (cost-effectiveness value: 237.74 vs 325.53). According to experts opinions, lower perceptions on GA emerged with regard to equity aspects (0.13 vs 0.72, p-value>0.05), whereas it would improve both individuals (2.17 vs 1.33, p-value=0.000) and caregivers quality of life (1.50 vs 0.83, p-value=0.000). Even if in the short term, GA required additional investments in training courses (-0.80 vs 0.10, p-value = 0.036), in the long run, GA could become the preferable technology (0.30 vs 0.01, p-value=0.018) from an organisational perspective.

Conclusion: Adding GA to traditional glycaemic control instruments could improve the clinical pathway of individuals with T2DM, leading to economic and organisational advantages for both hospitals and National Healthcare Systems.

Keywords: Health Technology Assessment; T2DM; economic evaluation; glycated albumin; multidimensional approach; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

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Conflict of interest statement

Dr Antonio Nicolucci reports grants from Astra Zeneca, grants from AlfaSigma, grants from Sanofi, grants from Medtronic, grants from Eli Lilly, grants from Novo Nordisk, grants from Pikdare, grants from Shionogi, grants from SOBI, outside the submitted work. Dr Emanuela Foglia reports non-financial support from Instrumentation Laboratories - Werfen, personal fees from Instrumentation Laboratories - Werfen, outside the submitted work. The authors declare that they have no other conflicts of interest in connection with the submitted article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Gamma distributions for costs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gamma distributions for cost-effectiveness value.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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