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Review
. 2021 Jun 3;23(7):75.
doi: 10.1007/s11886-021-01505-3.

Cardiovascular Outcome Trials with Glucose-Lowering Drugs

Tina K Thethi  1   2 , Anika Bilal  3 , Richard E Pratley  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Cardiovascular Outcome Trials with Glucose-Lowering Drugs

Tina K Thethi et al. Curr Cardiol Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: This review summarizes recent cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) with glucose-lowering drugs.

Recent findings: The majority of recent CVOTs with glucose-lowering drugs have tested dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonists (GLP1-RA), and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), but studies have also been performed with other agents including thiazolidinediones and insulin. All CVOTs with DPP4-I, GLP1-RA, and SGLT2-i have demonstrated the cardiovascular (CV) safety of these agents compared to usual care. However, certain GLP1-RAs (liraglutide, subcutaneous semaglutide, albiglutide, dulaglutide) and SGLT2-i (empagliflozin, canagliflozin) have demonstrated a CV benefit, showing significant reductions in composite cardiovascular outcomes. Furthermore, all SGLT2-i also significantly decreased the risk for hospitalization for heart failure. Results from these studies have altered clinical guidelines worldwide and have resulted in new indications for some glucose-lowering drugs. In patients with T2D and high risk for CVD, GLP-1RA or SGLT2-i with proven cardiovascular benefit are recommended, irrespective of glycemic control.

Keywords: Cardiovascular outcome trials; Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors agonists; Insulin; Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; Thiazolidinediones, Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
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