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Review
. 2021 Jun 3;18(1):111.
doi: 10.1186/s12985-021-01582-4.

CC and CXC chemokines play key roles in the development of polyomaviruses related pathological conditions

Mohammad Hassan Mohammadi  1 , Ashraf Kariminik  2
Affiliations
Review

CC and CXC chemokines play key roles in the development of polyomaviruses related pathological conditions

Mohammad Hassan Mohammadi et al. Virol J. .

Abstract

It has been reported that polyomaviruses are the microbes which can be a cause of several human pathological conditions including cancers, nephropathy, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and gynaecological disease. Although investigators proposed some mechanisms used by the viruses to induce the disorders, the roles played by chemokines in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses infections are yet to be clarified. This review article investigated recent studies regarding the roles played by chemokines in the pathogenesis of the polyomaviruses infections. The research in the literature revealed that CXC chemokines, including CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL16, significantly participate in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses. CC chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL5 and CCL20 also participate in the induction of the pathological conditions. Therefore, it appears that CXC chemokines may be considered as the strategic factors involved in the pathogenesis of polyomaviruses.

Keywords: CC chemokines; CXC chemokines; Cancer; Nephropathy; Polyomaviruses.

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Conflict of interest statement

There is no competing interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Chemokine family and their functions. The figure illustrates that chemokines are divided to four members and some of them interact with a range of immune cells. Finally chemokines participate in the induction of immune responses against microbes, including viruses, and in some cases induce immune related disorders
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Pathological roles played by chemokines during polyomaviruses infections. The figure shows that polyomaviruses and their related antigens induce expression of chemokines, which leads to development of polyomaviruses-related cancers, PML, nephropathy and gynaecological disease
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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