Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 May 25;13(1):e12192.
doi: 10.1002/dad2.12192. eCollection 2021.

The relationship of semantic intrusions to different etiological subtypes of MCI and cognitively healthy older adults

Marcela Kitaigorodsky  1 , Elizabeth Crocco  1 , Rosie E Curiel-Cid  1   2 , Giselle Leal  1 , Diane Zheng  1 , Melissa K Eustache  1 , Maria T Greig-Custo  2   3 , William Barker  2   3 , Ranjan Duara  2   3 , David A Loewenstein  1   2
Affiliations

The relationship of semantic intrusions to different etiological subtypes of MCI and cognitively healthy older adults

Marcela Kitaigorodsky et al. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). .

Abstract

Introduction: There is increasing evidence that susceptibility to proactive semantic interference (PSI) and the failure to recover from PSI (frPSI) as evidenced by intrusion errors may be early cognitive markers of both preclinical and prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: One hundred forty-five participants were administered extensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations including the Loewenstein-Acevedo Scales for Semantic Interference and Learning (LASSI-L), a sensitive cognitive stress test measuring PSI and frPSI. Participants also underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amyloid positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging.

Results: PSI and frPSI errors were much more prevalent in the mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-AD (amyloid positive) group than the other diagnostic groups. The number of intrusion errors observed across the other MCI groups without amyloid pathology and those with normal cognition were comparable.

Discussion: Semantic intrusion errors on the LASSI-L occur much less frequently in persons who have different types of non-AD-related MCI and may be used as an early cognitive marker of prodromal AD.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; Intrusion errors; amyloid; biomarkers; cognitive assessment; etiological subtypes of MCI; memory; mild cognitive impairment; neuropsychological tests; semantic interference.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Dr. Loewenstein is a co‐inventor of intellectual property used in this study. Dr. Curiel is a co‐inventor of intellectual property used in this study. The other authors have no potential conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Alzheimer's Association . 2018 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(3):367‐429. - PubMed
    1. Alzheimer's Association . 2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 2016;12(4):459‐509. - PubMed
    1. Perry D, Sperling R, Katz R, et al. Building a roadmap for developing combination therapies for Alzheimer's disease. Exp Rev Neurotherap. 2015;15(3):327‐333. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cummings JL, Morstorf T, Zhong K. Alzheimer's disease drug‐development pipeline: few candidates, frequent failures. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2014;6:37. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Cummings J, Lee G, Mortsdorf T, Ritter A, Zhong K. Alzheimer's disease drug development pipeline. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;3(3):367‐384. - PMC - PubMed